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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Garcia-Arellano, Ana author Ramallal, Raul author Ruiz-Canela, Miguel author Salas-Salvado, Jordi author Corella, Dolores author Shivappa, Nitin author Schroeder, Helmut author Hebert, James R author Ros, Emilio author Gomez-Garcia, Enrique author Estruch, Ramon author Lapetra, Jose author Aros, Fernando author Fiol Sala, Miquel author Serra-Majem, Lluis author Pinto, Xavier author Babio, Nancy author Gonzalez, Jose I author Fito, Montserrat author Alfredo Martinez, J author Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A author PREDIMED Investigators author 2015-06 Previous studies have reported an association between a more pro-inflammatory diet profile and various chronic metabolic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of nutrients and foods in the context of a dietary pattern. We prospectively examined the association between the DII and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD: myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) in the PREDIMED (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) study including 7216 high-risk participants. The DII was computed based on a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of CVD risk were computed across quartiles of the DII where the lowest (most anti-inflammatory) quartile is the referent. Risk increased across the quartiles (i.e., with increasing inflammatory potential): HRquartile2 = 1.42 (95%CI = 0.97-2.09); HRquartile3 = 1.85 (1.27-2.71); and HRquartile4 = 1.73 (1.15-2.60). When fit as continuous the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio for each additional standard deviation of the DII was 1.22 (1.06-1.40). Our results provide direct prospective evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular clinical events. Garcia-Arellano A, Ramallal R, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvado J, Corella D, Shivappa N, et al. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Study. Nutrients. 2015 Jun;7(6):4124-38. 10.3390/nu7064124 2072-6643 Nutrients http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/10832 26035241 L604764910 2-s2.0-85018224708 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/20122 357281800010 Dietary inflammatory index Cardiovascular disease PREDIMED Inflammation Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Study