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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Hernáez, Álvaro author Lassale, Camille author Castro-Barquero, Sara author Babio, Nancy author Ros, Emilio author Castañer, Olga author Tresserra-Rimbau, Anna author Pintó, Xavier author Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel author Corella, Dolores author Salas-Salvadó, Jordi author Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M author Lapetra, José author Fiol, Miquel author Gómez-Gracia, Enrique author Serra-Majem, Lluis author Sacanella, Emilio author García-Arellano, Ana author Sorlí, José V author Díaz-López, Andrés author Cofán, Montserrat author Estruch, Ramón author 2021-06-02 We aimed to assess the effects of the antioxidant-rich Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on white blood cell count. Our study population included participants in the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea study (average age 67 years old, 58% women, high cardiovascular risk). We assessed whether a MedDiet intervention enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, versus a low-fat control diet, modified the incidence of leukocytosis (>11 x 10(9) leukocytes/L), mild leukopenia (<4.5 x 10(9) leukocytes/L), or severe leukopenia (<3.5 x 10(9) leukocytes/L) in individuals without the condition at baseline (n = 3190, n = 2925, and n = 3190, respectively). We also examined whether MedDiet modified the association between leukocyte count alterations and all-cause mortality. Both MedDiet interventions were associated with a lower risk of developing leukopenia (incidence rates: 5.06% in control diet, 3.29% in MedDiet groups combined; hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.54 [0.36-0.80]) and severe leukopenia (incidence rates: 1.26% in control diet, 0.46% in MedDiet groups combined; hazard ratio: 0.25 [0.10-0.60]). High cumulative adherence to a MedDiet was linked to lower risk of leukocytosis (incidence rates: 2.08% in quartile 1, 0.65% in quartile 4; HRQ4-Q1: 0.29 [0.085-0.99]) and attenuated the association between leukopenia and all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.032). In brief, MedDiet decreased the incidence of white blood cell count-related alterations in high cardiovascular risk individuals. Hernaez A, Lassale C, Castro-Barquero S, Babio N, Ros E, Castaner O, et al. Mediterranean Diet and White Blood Cell Count-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods. 2021 Jun;10(6):1268. 10.3390/foods10061268 2304-8158 Foods (Basel, Switzerland) http://hdl.handle.net/10668/18074 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19686 34199545 2-s2.0-85107799328 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18364 667380300001 Mediterranean diet Leukocytosis Leukopenia Prevention Randomized controlled trial White blood cell count Mediterranean Diet and White Blood Cell Count-A Randomized Controlled Trial