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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Morales, Miguel Ángel author Cruz, Israel author Rubio Muñoz, Jose Miguel author Chicharro, Carmen author Cañavate, Carmen author Laguna, Fernando author Alvar, Jorge author 2002-05-15 In the Mediterranean basin, Leishmania infantum is a major opportunistic parasite in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and up to 9% of the patients with AIDS suffer from newly acquired or reactivated visceral leishmaniasis. Distinguishing between reinfections and relapses in these patients is important because some apparent treatment failures occur in patients with new rather than reactivated infections. Isoenzyme characterization is limited for use in determining relapsed versus newly acquired leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients because of the variability of L. infantum and the predominance of the MON-1 zymodeme in people coinfected with HIV. A seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify L. infantum minicircle kinetoplast DNA, and, after digestion, the restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles showed that 3 (7.5%) of 40 patients coinfected with L. infantum and HIV had a new infection, whereas isoenzyme characterization indicated that all 40 patients had infection relapses. These results suggest the utility of this PCR-RFLP analysis in detecting leishmaniasis reinfection in HIV-positive patients. J Infect Dis. 2002 May 15;185(10):1533-7. 10.1086/340219 0022-1899 The Journal of infectious diseases 11992294 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/17459 Relapses versus reinfections in patients coinfected with Leishmania infantum and human immunodeficiency virus type 1