2026-04-29T04:09:20Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/164922025-05-23T15:05:10Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051com_20.500.12105_15322col_20.500.12105_19608col_20.500.12105_16962col_20.500.12105_16970col_20.500.12105_16990
Repisalud
author
Donat-Vargas, Carolina
author
Kogevinas, Manolis
author
Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma
author
Perez-Gomez, Beatriz
author
Llorca, Javier
author
Vanaclocha-Espi, Mercedes
author
Fernandez-Tardon, Guillermo
author
Costas, Laura
author
Aragones, Nuria
author
Gómez-Acebo, Inés
author
Moreno, Victor
author
Pollan-Santamaria, Marina
author
Villanueva, Cristina M
funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
funder
Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)
funder
Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla
funder
Generalitat Valenciana (España)
funder
Unión Europea. Comisión Europea
funder
Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer
funder
Government of Catalonia (España)
funder
Agència de Gestió d´Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR)
funder
Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias
funder
University of Oviedo (España)
funder
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (España)
2023-09-25T14:11:13Z
2023-09-25T14:11:13Z
2023-03
Environ Health Perspect. 2023 Mar;131(3):37004.
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16492
36883836
10.1289/EHP11391
1552-9924
Environmental health perspectives
Background: Nitrate and trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water are widespread and are potential human carcinogens. Objective: We evaluated the association between drinking-water exposure to nitrate and THMs and prostate cancer. Methods: During the period 2008-2013, 697 hospital-based incident prostate cancer cases (97 aggressive tumors) and 927 population-based controls were recruited in Spain, providing information on residential histories and type of water consumed. Average nitrate and THMs levels in drinking water were linked with lifetime water consumption to calculate waterborne ingestion. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using mixed models with recruitment area as random effect. Effect modification by tumor grade (Gleason score), age, education, lifestyle, and dietary factors was explored. Results: Mean (±standard deviation) adult lifetime waterborne ingested nitrate (milligrams per day), brominated (Br)-THMs (micrograms per day), and chloroform (micrograms per day) were 11.5 (±9.0), 20.7 (±32.4), and 15.1 (±14.7) in controls. Waterborne ingested nitrate >13.8 vs. <5.5mg/d was associated with an OR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.54) overall, and 2.78 (95% CI: 1.23, 6.27) for tumors with Gleason scores ≥8. Associations were higher in the youngest and those with lower intakes of fiber, fruit/vegetables, and vitamin C. Waterborne ingested THMs were not associated with prostate cancer. Residential tap water levels of Br-THMs and chloroform showed, respectively, inverse and positive associations with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Findings suggest long-term waterborne ingested nitrate could be a risk factor of prostate cancer, particularly for aggressive tumors. High intakes of fiber, fruit/vegetables and vitamin C may lower this risk. Association with residential levels but not ingested chloroform/Br-THM may suggest inhalation and dermal routes could be relevant for prostate cancer.
eng
Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Prostate Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain)
research article
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