2026-04-29T04:10:02Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/163302025-06-09T09:02:07Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19608
Repisalud
author
Jiménez, Tamara
author
Pollan-Santamaria, Marina
author
Domínguez-Castillo, Alejandro
author
de Lucas, Maria Pilar
author
Sierra, Maria Angeles
author
Fernandez de Larrea-Baz, Nerea
author
Gonzalez-Sanchez, Mario
author
Salas-Trejo, Dolores
author
Llobet, Rafael
author
Martínez, Inmaculada
author
Pino, Marina Nieves
author
Martínez-Cortés, Mercedes
author
Perez-Gomez, Beatriz
author
Lope Carvajal, Virginia
author
García-Pérez, Javier
funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
2023-08-23T07:44:45Z
2023-08-23T07:44:45Z
2022-07-10
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 10;829:154578.
0048-9697
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16330
35304152
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154578
1879-1026
The Science of the total environment
Background: Mammographic density (MD), expressed as percentage of fibroglandular breast tissue, is an important risk factor for breast cancer. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between MD and residential proximity to pollutant industries in premenopausal Spanish women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1225 women extracted from the DDM-Madrid study. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association of MD percentage (and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) and proximity (between 1 km and 3 km) to industries included in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. Results: Although no association was found between MD and distance to all industries as a whole, several industrial sectors showed significant association for some distances: "surface treatment of metals and plastic" (β = 4.98, 95%CI = (0.85; 9.12) at ≤1.5 km, and β = 3.00, 95%CI = (0.26; 5.73) at ≤2.5 km), "organic chemical industry" (β = 6.73, 95%CI = (0.50; 12.97) at ≤1.5 km), "pharmaceutical products" (β = 4.14, 95%CI = (0.58; 7.70) at ≤2 km; β = 3.55, 95%CI = (0.49; 6.60) at ≤2.5 km; and β = 3.11, 95%CI = (0.20; 6.01) at ≤3 km), and "urban waste-water treatment plants" (β = 8.06, 95%CI = (0.82; 15.30) at ≤1 km; β = 5.28; 95%CI = (0.49; 10.06) at ≤1.5 km; β = 4.30, 95%CI = (0.03; 8.57) at ≤2 km; β = 5.26, 95%CI = (1.83; 8.68) at ≤2.5 km; and β = 3.19, 95%CI = (0.46; 5.92) at ≤3 km). Moreover, significant increased MD was observed in women close to industries releasing specific pollutants: ammonia (β = 4.55, 95%CI = (0.26; 8.83) at ≤1.5 km; and β = 3.81, 95%CI = (0.49; 7.14) at ≤2 km), dichloromethane (β = 3.86, 95%CI = (0.00; 7.71) at ≤2 km), ethylbenzene (β = 8.96, 95%CI = (0.57; 17.35) at ≤3 km), and phenols (β = 2.60, 95%CI = (0.21; 5.00) at ≤2.5 km). Conclusions: Our results suggest no statistically significant relationship between MD and proximity to industries as a whole, although we detected associations with various industrial sectors and some specific pollutants, which suggests that MD could have a mediating role in breast carcinogenesis.
eng
Breast cancer
Breast density
Industries
Pollutants
Residential proximity
DDM-Madrid
Residential proximity to industrial pollution and mammographic density
preprint
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ResidentialProximityIndustrialPollution_2022.pdf
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ResidentialProximityIndustrialPollution_2022.pdf.txt