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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Govarts, Eva author Gilles, Liese author Rodriguez Martin, Laura author Santonen, Tiina author Apel, Petra author Alvito, Paula author Anastasi, Elena author Andersen, Helle Raun author Andersson, Anna-Maria author Andryskova, Lenka author Antignac, Jean-Philippe author Appenzeller, Brice author Barbone, Fabio author Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar author Barouki, Robert author Berman, Tamar author Bil, Wieneke author Borges, Teresa author Buekers, Jurgen author Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel author Covaci, Adrian author Csákó, Zsófia author Den Hond, Elly author Dvorakova, Darina author Fábelová, Lucia author Fletcher, Tony author Frederiksen, Hanne author Gabriel, Catherine author Ganzleben, Catherine author Göen, Thomas author Halldórsson, Thórhallur Ingi author Haug, Line S author Horvat, Milena author Huuskonen, Pasi author Imboden, Medea author Jagodic Hudobivnik, Marta author Janasik, Beata author Janev Holcer, Natasa author Karakitsios, Spyros author Katsonouri, Andromachi author Klánová, Jana author Kokaraki, Venetia author Kold Jensen, Tina author Koponen, Jani author Laeremans, Michelle author Laguzzi, Federica author Lange, Rosa author Lemke, Nora author Lignell, Sanna author Lindroos, Anna Karin author Lobo Vicente, Joana author Luijten, Mirjam author Makris, Konstantinos C author Mazej, Darja author Melymuk, Lisa author Meslin, Matthieu author Mol, Hans author Montazeri, Parisa author Murawski, Aline author Namorado, Sónia author Niemann, Lars author Nübler, Stefanie author Nunes, Baltazar author Ólafsdóttir, Kristin author Palkovicova Murinova, Lubica author Papaioannou, Nafsika author Pedraza-Diaz, Susana author Piler, Pavel author Plichta, Veronika author Poteser, Michael author Probst-Hensch, Nicole author Rambaud, Loïc author Rauscher-Gabernig, Elke author Rausova, Katarina author Remy, Sylvie author Riou, Margaux author Rosolen, Valentina author Rousselle, Christophe author Rüther, Maria author Sarigiannis, Denis author Silva, Maria J author Šlejkovec, Zdenka author Snoj Tratnik, Janja author Stajnko, Anja author Szigeti, Tamás author Tarazona, Jose author Thomsen, Cathrine author Tkalec, Žiga author Tolonen, Hanna author Trnovec, Tomas author Uhl, Maria author Van Nieuwenhuyse, An author Vasco, Elsa author Verheyen, Veerle J author Viegas, Susana author Vinggaard, Anne Marie author Vogel, Nina author Vorkamp, Katrin author Wasowicz, Wojciech author Weber, Till author Wimmerova, Sona author Woutersen, Marjolijn author Zimmermann, Philipp author Zvonař, Martin author Koch, Holger M author Kolossa-Gehring, Marike author Esteban-Lopez, Marta author Castaño, Argelia author Stewart, Lorraine author Sepai, Ovnair author Schoeters, Greet author 2023-04 As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2023 Apr;249:114119. 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114119 1618-131X International journal of hygiene and environmental health 36773580 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16310 Adults Children Exposure biomarkers HBM4EU Human biomonitoring (HBM) Teenagers Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014-2021)