2026-06-14T03:53:22Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/163002025-05-08T16:30:45Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19610
Repisalud
author
Vogel, Nina
author
Schmidt, Phillipp
author
Lange, Rosa
author
Gerofke, Antje
author
Sakhi, Amrit K
author
Haug, Line S
author
Jensen, Tina Kold
author
Frederiksen, Hanne
author
Szigeti, Tamás
author
Csákó, Zsófia
author
Palkovicova Murinova, Lubica
author
Šidlovská, Miroslava
author
Janasik, Beata
author
Wasowicz, Wojciech
author
Tratnik, Janja Snoj
author
Mazej, Darja
author
Gabriel, Catherine
author
Karakitsios, Spyros
author
Barbone, Fabio
author
Rosolen, Valentina
author
Rambaud, Loïc
author
Riou, Margaux
author
Murawski, Aline
author
Leseman, Daan
author
Koppen, Gudrun
author
Covaci, Adrian
author
Lignell, Sanna
author
Lindroos, Anna Karin
author
Zvonař, Martin
author
Andryskova, Lenka
author
Fábelová, Lucia
author
Richterová, Denisa
author
Horvat, Milena
author
Kosjek, Tina
author
Sarigiannis, Denis
author
Maroulis, Marios
author
Pedraza-Diaz, Susana
author
Cañas Portilla, Ana Isabel
author
Verheyen, Veerle J
author
Bastiaensen, Michiel
author
Gilles, Liese
author
Schoeters, Greet
author
Esteban-Lopez, Marta
author
Castaño, Argelia
author
Govarts, Eva
author
Koch, Holger M
author
Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
funder
Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020
funder
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (Alemania)
funder
The Research Council of Norway
funder
Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency
funder
Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España)
funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
funder
Ministry of Health (Eslovaquia)
funder
Slovak Research and Development Agency
funder
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
funder
Jožef Stefan Institute
funder
Swedish Food Agency
funder
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
funder
Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and enriched Fissile Material
2023-07-20T10:26:23Z
2023-07-20T10:26:23Z
2023-04
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2023 Apr;249:114101.
10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114101
1618-131X
International journal of hygiene and environmental health
36805185
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16300
Phthalates are mainly used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Exposure to several phthalates is associated with different adverse effects most prominently on the development of reproductive functions. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014-2021) have investigated current European exposure to ten phthalates (DEP, BBzP, DiBP, DnBP, DCHP, DnPeP, DEHP, DiNP, DiDP, DnOP) and the substitute DINCH to answer the open policy relevant questions which were defined by HBM4EU partner countries and EU institutions as the starting point of the programme. The exposure dataset includes ∼5,600 children (6-11 years) and adolescents (12-18 years) from up to 12 countries per age group and covering the North, East, South and West European regions. Study data from participating studies were harmonised with respect to sample size and selection of participants, selection of biomarkers, and quality and comparability of analytical results to provide a comparable perspective of European exposure. Phthalate and DINCH exposure were deduced from urinary excretions of metabolites, where concentrations were expressed as their key descriptor geometric mean (GM) and 95th percentile (P95). This study aims at reporting current exposure levels and differences in these between European studies and regions, as well as comparisons to human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). GMs for children were highest for ∑DEHP metabolites (33.6 μg/L), MiBP (26.6 μg/L), and MEP (24.4 μg/L) and lowest for∑DiDP metabolites (1.91 μg/L) and ∑DINCH metabolites (3.57 μg/L). In adolescents highest GMs were found for MEP (43.3 μg/L), ∑DEHP metabolites (28.8 μg/L), and MiBP (25.6 μg/L) and lowest for ∑DiDP metabolites (= 2.02 μg/L) and ∑DINCH metabolites (2.51 μg/L). In addition, GMs and P95 stratified by European region, sex, household education level, and degree of urbanization are presented. Differences in average biomarker concentrations between sampling sites (data collections) ranged from factor 2 to 9. Compared to the European average, children in the sampling sites OCC (Denmark), InAirQ (Hungary), and SPECIMEn (The Netherlands) had the lowest concentrations across all metabolites and ESTEBAN (France), NAC II (Italy), and CROME (Greece) the highest. For adolescents, comparably higher metabolite concentrations were found in NEB II (Norway), PCB cohort (Slovakia), and ESTEBAN (France), and lower concentrations in POLAES (Poland), FLEHS IV (Belgium), and GerES V-sub (Germany). Multivariate analyses (Survey Generalized Linear Models) indicate compound-specific differences in average metabolite concentrations between the four European regions. Comparison of individual levels with HBM-GVs revealed highest rates of exceedances for DnBP and DiBP, with up to 3 and 5%, respectively, in children and adolescents. No exceedances were observed for DEP and DINCH. With our results we provide current, detailed, and comparable data on exposure to phthalates in children and - for the first time - in adolescents, and - for the first time - on DINCH in children and adolescents of all four regions of Europe which are particularly suited to inform exposure and risk assessment and answer open policy relevant questions.
eng
Adolescents
Children
DINCH
Exposure
HBM
HBM4EU
Phthalates
Current exposure to phthalates and DINCH in European children and adolescents - Results from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies 2014 to 2021
review article
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