<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-29T07:25:10Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/16086" metadataPrefix="marc">https://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/16086</identifier><datestamp>2024-09-27T21:39:30Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_20.500.12105_2052</setSpec><setSpec>com_20.500.12105_2051</setSpec><setSpec>col_20.500.12105_19609</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Villalón, Pilar</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Bárcena, Marta</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Medina-Pascual, Maria Jose</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Garrido, Noelia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Pino-Rosa, Silvia del</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Carrasco, Gema</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Valdezate, Sylvia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2023-01-06</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Background: This work reports on antimicrobial resistance data for invasive Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain, collected by the 'Surveillance Program for Invasive Group A Streptococcus', in 2007-2020. Methods: emm typing was determined by sequencing. Susceptibility to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin was determined via the E-test. tetM, tetO, msrD, mefA, ermB, ermTR, and ermT were sought by PCR. Macrolide-resistant phenotypes (M, cMLSB, and iMLSB) were detected using the erythromycin-clindamycin double-disk test. Resistant clones were identified via their emm type, multilocus sequence type (ST), resistance genotype, and macrolide resistance phenotype. Results: Penicillin susceptibility was universal. Tetracycline resistance was recorded for 237/1983 isolates (12.0%) (152 carried only tetM, 48 carried only tetO, and 33 carried both). Erythromycin resistance was detected in 172/1983 isolates (8.7%); ermB was present in 83, mefA in 58, msrD in 51, ermTR in 46, and ermT in 36. Clindamycin resistance (methylase-mediated) was present in 78/1983 isolates (3.9%). Eight main resistant clones were identified: two that were tetracycline-resistant only (emm22/ST46/tetM and emm77/ST63/tetO), three that were erythromycin-resistant only (emm4/ST39/mefA-msrD/M, emm12/ST36/mefA-msrD/M, and emm28/ST52/ermB/cMLSB), and three that were tetracycline-erythromycin co-resistant (emm11/ST403/tetM-ermB/cMLSB, emm77/ST63/tetO-ermTR/iMLSB, and emm77/ST63/tetM-tetO-ermTR/iMLSB). Conclusions: Tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance rates declined between 2007 and 2020. Temporal variations in the proportion of resistant clones determined the change in resistance rates.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 6;12(1):99.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">2079-6382</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16086</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">36671301</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">10.3390/antibiotics12010099</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Streptococcus pyogenes</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Antimicrobial resistance</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Clindamycin</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Clone</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Emm type</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Erythromycin</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Genotype</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Phenotype</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Tetracycline</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">National Surveillance of Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin Resistance in Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes: A Retrospective Study of the Situation in Spain, 2007-2020</subfield>
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