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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc García-Pérez, Javier author Bermejo, Mercedes author Ramírez-García, Almudena author de la Torre-Tarazona, Humberto Erick author Cascajero Díaz, Almudena author Castillo de la Osa, María author Jiménez Santana, Paloma author Aparicio Gómez, Marta author Calonge, Esther author Sancho-López, Aránzazu author Payares-Herrera, Concepción author Layunta Acero, Rocio author Vicente-Izquierdo, Laura author Avendaño-Solá, Cristina author Alcamí, José author Perez-Olmeda, Mayte author Díez-Fuertes, Francisco author 2023-03 The humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern elicited by vaccination was evaluated in COVID-19 recovered individuals (Rec) separated 1-3 months (Rec2m) or 4-12 months (Rec9m) postinfection and compared to the response in naïve participants. Antibody-mediated immune responses were assessed in 66 participants by three commercial immunoassays and a SARS-CoV-2 lentiviral-based pseudovirus neutralization assay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike were lower in naïve participants after two doses than in Rec after a single dose (p < 0.05). After two doses in Rec, levels of total Ig to receptor-binding domain were significantly increased in Rec9m compared to Rec2m (p < 0.001). The neutralizing potency observed in Rec9m was consistently higher than in Rec2m against variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Delta, and BA.1 sublineage of Omicron with 2.2-2.8-fold increases. Increasing the interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the vaccination with messenger RNA-based vaccines to more than 3 months generates a more efficient heterologous humoral immune response against VOCs by allowing enough time to mount a strong recall memory B cell response. J Med Virol. 2023 Mar;95(3):e28679. 10.1002/jmv.28679 1096-9071 Journal of medical virology 36929737 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/16083 Omicron Hybrid immunity mRNA-1273 Neutralizing antibodies Timing of vaccination Longer intervals between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA-1273 doses improve the neutralization of different variants of concern