2026-07-21T07:53:04Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/158332024-09-27T17:15:22Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19608
Repisalud
author
Barbeito, Inés
author
Precioso, Daniel
author
Sierra, María José
author
Vegas-Azcárate, Susana
author
Fernández Balbuena, Sonia
author
Vitoriano, Begoña
author
Goméz-Ullate, David
author
Cao, Ricardo
author
Monge Corella, Susana
author
Study Group for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Spain
funder
Agencia Gallega de Innovación (GAIN)
funder
Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España)
funder
Xunta de Galicia (España)
funder
Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)
funder
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
funder
Fundación BBVA
funder
Regional Government of Andalusia (España)
2023-04-18T08:25:09Z
2023-04-18T08:25:09Z
2023-04
Front. Public Health. 2023;11:1061331.
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061331
2296-2565
Frontiers in Public Health
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/15833
Background: We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021. Methods: A stringency index (0–1) was created for each Spanish province (n = 50) daily. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted. The median of coefficients across provinces (95% bootstrap confidence intervals) quantified the effect of increasing one standard deviation in the stringency index over the logarithmic return of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, lagged 12 days. Results: Overall, increasing restrictions reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0, 0.82) in 1 week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0, 0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0, 0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0, 0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0, 0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0, 0.96). Models R2 was around 70%. Conclusion: Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution.
eng
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemic
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI)
Effectiveness
Stringency index
Logarithmic return
Hierarchical models
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021)
journal article
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