2026-07-21T17:17:12Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/154562025-06-13T10:38:08Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051com_20.500.12105_15322col_20.500.12105_19608col_20.500.12105_16963col_20.500.12105_19617
Repisalud
author
Ayuso-Alvarez, Ana Maria
author
Simon Mendez, Lorena
author
Nuñez, Olivier
author
Rodriguez-Blazquez, Carmen
author
Martín-Méndez, I
author
Bel-Lán, A
author
Lopez-Abente, Gonzalo
author
Merlo, J
author
Fernandez-Navarro, Pablo L
author
Galan, Iñaki
funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
2023-02-06T14:56:31Z
2023-02-06T14:56:31Z
2019-12
Environ Res. 2019 Dec;179(Pt A):108784.
10.1016/j.envres.2019.108784
1096-0953
Environmental research
31606614
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/15456
Background and objectives: Despite the biological plausibility of the association between heavy metal exposure and mental health disorders, epidemiological evidence remains scarce. The objective was to estimate the association between heavy metals and metalloids in soil and the prevalence of mental disorders in the adult population of Spain. Methods: Individual data came from the Spanish National Health Survey 2011-2012, 18,073 individuals residing in 1772 census sections. Mental health was measured with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The concentration estimates of heavy metal and metalloid levels in topsoil (upper soil horizon) came from the Geochemical Atlas of Spain based on 13,317 soil samples. Levels of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) were estimated in each census section by "ordinary Kriging". Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by multilevel logistic regression models. Results: Compared with the lowest Pb concentration levels quartile, the OR for the second quartile was 1.29 (95%CI: 1.11-1.50), increasing progressively to 1.37 (95%CI: 1.17-1.60) and 1.51 (95%CI: 1.27-1.79) in the third and fourth quartiles, respectively. For As, the association was observed in the third and fourth quartiles: 1.21 (95%CI: 1.04-1.41) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.21-1.65), respectively. Cd was associated also following a gradient from the second quartile: 1.34 (95%CI: 1.15-1.57) through the fourth: 1.84 (95%CI: 1.56-2.15). In contrast, Mn only showed a positive association at the second quartile. Additionally, individuals consuming vegetables > once a day the OR for the fourth quartile of Pb concentration, vs. the first, increased to 2.93 (95%CI: 1.97-4.36); similarly for As: 3.00 (95%CI: 2.08-4.31), and for Cd: 3.49 (95%CI: 2.33-5.22). Conclusions: Living in areas with a higher concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in soil was associated with an increased probability of having a mental disorder. These relationships were strengthened in individuals reporting consuming vegetables > once a day.
eng
Heavy metals
Mental health
Multilevel analyses
Association between heavy metals and metalloids in topsoil and mental health in the adult population of Spain
research article
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https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstreams/cd9be375-ff08-44b3-a724-4ed39738c45e/download
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application/pdf
AssociationBetweenHeavyMetalsMetalloids_2019.pdf
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https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstreams/fddb7fb5-8f50-427b-9749-28fded617ea5/download
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text/plain
AssociationBetweenHeavyMetalsMetalloids_2019.pdf.txt