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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Del Fresno, Carlos author García-Arriaza, Juan author Martínez-Cano, Sarai author Heras-Murillo, Ignacio author Jarit-Cabanillas, Aitor author Amores-Iniesta, Joaquin author Brandi, Paola author Dunphy, Gillian author Suay-Corredera, Carmen author Pricolo, Maria Rosaria author Vicente, Natalia author López-Perrote, Andrés author Cabezudo, Sofía author González-Corpas, Ana author Llorca, Oscar author Alegre-Cebollada, Jorge author Garaigorta, Urtzi author Gastaminza, Pablo author Esteban, Mariano author Sancho, David author 2021-11 COVID-19-specific vaccines are efficient prophylactic weapons against SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, boosting innate responses may represent an innovative way to immediately fight future emerging viral infections or boost vaccines. MV130 is a mucosal immunotherapy, based on a mixture of whole heat-inactivated bacteria, that has shown clinical efficacy against recurrent viral respiratory infections. Herein, we show that the prophylactic intranasal administration of this immunotherapy confers heterologous protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in susceptible K18-hACE2 mice. Furthermore, in C57BL/6 mice, prophylactic administration of MV130 improves the immunogenicity of two different COVID-19 vaccine formulations targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, inoculated either intramuscularly or intranasally. Independently of the vaccine candidate and vaccination route used, intranasal prophylaxis with MV130 boosted S-specific responses, including CD8+-T cell activation and the production of S-specific mucosal IgA antibodies. Therefore, the bacterial mucosal immunotherapy MV130 protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and improves COVID-19 vaccines immunogenicity. Front Immunol . 2021 Nov 18;12:748103 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748103 1664-3224 Frontiers in immunology 34867974 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/15094 The Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy MV130 Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Improves COVID-19 Vaccines Immunogenicity.