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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Lozano-Rodríguez, Roberto author Valentín-Quiroga, Jaime author Avendaño-Ortiz, José author Martín-Quirós, Alejandro author Pascual-Iglesias, Alejandro author Terrón-Arcos, Verónica author Montalbán-Hernández, Karla author Casalvilla-Dueñas, José Carlos author Bergón-Gutiérrez, Marta author Alcamí, José author García-Pérez, Javier author Cascajero Díaz, Almudena author García-Garrido, Miguel Ángel author Balzo-Castillo, Álvaro Del author Peinado, María author Gómez, Laura author Llorente-Fernández, Irene author Martín-Miguel, Gema author Herrero-Benito, Carmen author Benito, José Miguel author Rallón, Norma author Vela-Olmo, Carmen author López-Morejón, Lissette author Cubillos-Zapata, Carolina author Aguirre, Luis A author Fresno, Carlos Del author López-Collazo, Eduardo author 2022-01 We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time. Cell Rep. 2022 Jan 11;38(2):110235. 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110235 2211-1247 Cell Reports 34986327 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/14394 BNT162b2 vaccine COVID-19-recovered SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-specific T cell Cellular responses Cytokine production Humoral responses Memory B cell Proliferation Spike Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19