2026-07-21T13:56:03Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/143262025-05-07T10:22:52Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051com_20.500.12105_15322col_20.500.12105_19609col_20.500.12105_16969
Repisalud
author
Bacqué, Joan
author
Delgado, Elena
author
Benito, Sonia
author
Moreno-Lorenzo, María
author
Montero, Vanessa
author
Gil, Horacio
author
Sanchez-Martinez, Monica
author
Nieto-Toboso, María Carmen
author
Muñoz, Josefa
author
Zubero-Sulibarria, Miren Z
author
Ugalde, Estíbaliz
author
Garcia-Bodas, Elena
author
Cañada-Garcia, Javier Enrique
author
Del Romero, Jorge
author
Rodríguez, Carmen
author
Rodríguez-Avial, Icíar
author
Elorduy-Otazua, Luis
author
Portu, José J
author
García-Costa, Juan
author
Ocampo, Antonio
author
Cabrera, Jorge Julio
author
Thomson, Michael M
funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
funder
Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)
funder
Plan Nacional de I+D+i (España)
funder
Xunta de Galicia (España)
funder
Basque Government (España)
funder
Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Investigación en Sida (España)
2022-05-09T10:04:55Z
2022-05-09T10:04:55Z
2021-11
Front Microbiol. 2021 Nov 15;12:774386.
10.3389/fmicb.2021.774386
1664-302X
Frontiers in Microbiology
34867914
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/14326
Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Among 110 reported in the literature, 17 are BF1 intersubtype recombinant, most of which are of South American origin. Among these, all 5 identified in the Southern Cone and neighboring countries, except Brazil, derive from a common recombinant ancestor related to CRF12_BF, which circulates widely in Argentina, as deduced from coincident breakpoints and clustering in phylogenetic trees. In a HIV-1 molecular epidemiological study in Spain, we identified a phylogenetic cluster of 20 samples from 3 separate regions which were of F1 subsubtype, related to the Brazilian strain, in protease-reverse transcriptase (Pr-RT) and of subtype B in integrase. Remarkably, 14 individuals from this cluster (designated BF9) were Paraguayans and only 4 were native Spaniards. HIV-1 transmission was predominantly heterosexual, except for a subcluster of 6 individuals, 5 of which were men who have sex with men. Ten additional database sequences, from Argentina (n = 4), Spain (n = 3), Paraguay (n = 1), Brazil (n = 1), and Italy (n = 1), branched within the BF9 cluster. To determine whether it represents a new CRF, near full-length genome (NFLG) sequences were obtained for 6 viruses from 3 Spanish regions. Bootscan analyses showed a coincident BF1 recombinant structure, with 5 breakpoints, located in p17 gag , integrase, gp120, gp41-rev overlap, and nef, which was identical to that of two BF1 recombinant viruses from Paraguay previously sequenced in NFLGs. Interestingly, none of the breakpoints coincided with those of CRF12_BF. In a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, all 8 NFLG sequences grouped in a strongly supported clade segregating from previously identified CRFs and from the CRF12_BF "family" clade. These results allow us to identify a new HIV-1 CRF, designated CRF66_BF. Through a Bayesian coalescent analysis, the most recent common ancestor of CRF66_BF was estimated around 1984 in South America, either in Paraguay or Argentina. Among Pr-RT sequences obtained by us from HIV-1-infected Paraguayans living in Spain, 14 (20.9%) of 67 were of CRF66_BF, suggesting that CRF66_BF may be one of the major HIV-1 genetic forms circulating in Paraguay. CRF66_BF is the first reported non-Brazilian South American HIV-1 CRF_BF unrelated to CRF12_BF.
eng
HIV-1
Circulating recombinant form
Molecular epidemiology
Phylodynamics
Phylogeny
Identification of CRF66_BF, a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form of South American Origin
research article
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