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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Lozano-Ojalvo, Daniel author Camara, Carmen author Lopez-Granados, Eduardo author Nozal, Pilar author Del Pino-Molina, Lucía author Bravo-Gallego, Luz Yadira author Paz-Artal, Estela author Pion, Marjorie author Correa-Rocha, Rafael author Ortiz, Alberto author Lopez-Hoyos, Marcos author Iribarren, Marta Erro author Portoles, Jose author Rojo-Portoles, Maria Pilar author Ojeda, Gloria author Cervera Hernandez, Isabel author Gonzalez-Perez, Maria author Bodega-Mayor, Irene author Montes-Casado, Maria author Portoles, Pilar author Perez-Olmeda, Mayte author Oteo-Iglesias, Jesus author Sanchez-Tarjuelo, Rodrigo author Pothula, Venu author Schwarz, Megan author Brahmachary, Manisha author Tan, Anthony Tanoto author Le Bert, Nina author Berin, Cecilia author Bertoletti, Antonio author Guccione, Ernesto author Ochando, Jordi author 2021-08-24 The rapid development of mRNA-based vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the design of accelerated vaccination schedules that have been extremely effective in naive individuals. While a two-dose immunization regimen with the BNT162b2 vaccine has been demonstrated to provide a 95% efficacy in naive individuals, the effects of the second vaccine dose in individuals who have previously recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we characterize SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity in naive and previously infected individuals during and after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination. Our results demonstrate that, while the second dose increases both the humoral and cellular immunity in naive individuals, COVID-19 recovered individuals reach their peak of immunity after the first dose. These results suggests that a second dose, according to the current standard regimen of vaccination, may be not necessary in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep. 2021;36(8):109570. 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109570 2211-1247 Cell Reports 34390647 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/14165 BNT162b2 vaccine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunity Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naive and COVID-19 recovered individuals