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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Del Rosal, Teresa author Baquero-Artigao, Fernando author Calvo, Cristina author Mellado, María J author Molina, Juan C author Santos, María del Mar author Cilleruelo, María José author Bueno, Mercedes author Storch de Gracia, Pilar author Terol, Covadonga author Roa, Miguel Á author Piñeiro, Roi author García López-Hortelano, Milagros author García-García, María Luz author Rodríguez, Sonia author Penín, María author Zarauza, Alejandro author Alvarado, Francisco author de Blas, Ana author Otheo, Enrique author Rodríguez, Alfonso author Herreros, María L author Tagarro, Alfredo author Grande, Luis author Ramos, José Tomás author Maté, Irene author Muñoz, Cristina author Zafra, Miguel Á author Romero-Gómez, María P author Pérez-Fernández, Elia author Delgado, Alberto author Casas Flecha, Inmaculada author Cabezas, María E author 2011-11 Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza (pH1N1) in Madrid, Spain. Patients/methods: We included patients less than 14 years of age admitted to one of 18 hospitals in Madrid, Spain, between May 1 and November 30, 2009 and diagnosed with pH1N1 by polymerase chain reaction. A retrospective chart review was conducted and data were compared by age, presence of high-risk medical conditions, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Results: A total of 517 pH1N1 cases were included for final analysis. One hundred and forty-two patients (27·5%) had predisposing underlying illnesses, with immunosuppression (36 children, 7%) and moderate persistent asthma (34, 6·6%) being the most common ones. Patients with underlying medical conditions had longer hospital stays [median 5, interquartile range (IQR) 3-8 days, versus median 4, IQR 3-6, P < 0·001] and required intensive care (20·4% versus 5·9%, P < 0·001) and mechanical ventilation more frequently than previously healthy children. Globally, intensive care was required for 51 patients (10%) and invasive mechanical ventilation for 12 (2%). Pediatric intensive care unit admission was significantly associated with abnormal initial chest X-ray [Odds Ratio (OR) 3·5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5-8·5], underlying neurological condition (OR 3·1, CI 1·2-7·5) and immunosuppression (OR 2·9, 1·2-6·8). Five patients (0·9%) died; two with severe neurological disease, two with leukemia, and one with a malignant solid tumor. Conclusions: Children with underlying medical conditions experienced more severe pH1N1 disease. Risk factors for admission to the PICU included underlying neurological conditions, immunosuppression and abnormal initial chest X-ray. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2011;5(6):e544-51. 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00272.x 1750-2659 Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 21781285 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/12822 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) Hospitalizations Pediatric influenza PH1N1 Pandemic H1N1 influenza-associated hospitalizations in children in Madrid, Spain