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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Cruz, Israel author Nieto Martinez, Francisco Javier author Moreno, Javier author Cañavate, Carmen author Desjeux, Philippe author Alvar, Jorge author 2006-03 Leishmania-HIV co-infection has been globally controlled in Southern Europe since 1997 because of highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART), but it appears to be an increasing problem in other countries such as Ethopia, Sudan, Brazil or India where both infections are becoming more and more prevalent. Most of the scientific background on Leishmania/HIV co-infection has been dropped from the Mediterranean experience and although the situations among countries are not fully comparable, it is of high importance to take advantage of this knowledge. In this review several aspects of the Leishmania/HIV co-infection are emphasized viz., epidemiological features, new ways of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical outcome, diagnosis, treatment and secondary prohylaxis. An extensive review of the literature on Leishmania/HIV co-infection has allowed the inclusion of a comprehensive and updated list of bibliographical references. Indian J Med Res . 2006 Mar;123(3):357-88. 0975-9174 0971-5916 The Indian journal of medical research 16778317 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/12131 Co-infection HIV Immunotherapy Leishmania Pathogenesis Leishmania/HIV co-infections in the second decade