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oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/112912024-11-28T17:59:33Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051com_20.500.12105_15322col_20.500.12105_19609col_20.500.12105_16961col_20.500.12105_19619

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Díez-Fuertes, Francisco author Iglesias-Caballero, Maria author García-Pérez, Javier author Monzon-Fernandez, Sara author Jimenez Sancho, Maria Pilar author Varona Fernandez, Sarai author Cuesta de la Plaza, Isabel author Zaballos, Ángel author Jimenez, Mercedes author Checa, Laura author Pozo Sanchez, Francisco author Perez-Olmeda, Mayte author Thomson, Michael M author Alcamí, José author Casas Flecha, Inmaculada author 2021-01 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) whole-genome analysis has identified five large clades worldwide which emerged in 2019(19A and 19B) and in 2020 (20A, 20B, and 20C). This study aimed to analyze the dif-fusion of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain using maximum-likelihood phylogenetic and Bayesianphylodynamic analyses. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was estimated to have emerged in Wuhan, China, around 24 No-vember 2019. Phylogenetic analyses of the first 12,511 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genomesequences obtained worldwide, including 290 from 11 different regions of Spain, re-vealed 62 independent introductions of the virus in the country. Most sequencesfrom Spain were distributed in clades characterized by a D614G substitution in the Sgene (20A, 20B, and 20C) and an L84S substitution in ORF8 (19B) with 163 and 118sequences, respectively, with the remaining sequences branching in 19A. A total of110 (38%) sequences from Spain grouped in four different monophyletic clusters ofclade 20A (20A-Sp1 and 20A-Sp2) and 19B clade (19B-Sp1 and 19B-Sp2) along withsequences from 29 countries worldwide. The MRCAs of clusters 19A-Sp1, 20A-Sp1,19A-Sp2, and 20A-Sp2 were estimated to have occurred in Spain around 21 and 29January and 6 and 17 February 2020, respectively. The prevalence of clade 19B inSpain (40%) was by far higher than in any other European country during the firstweeks of the epidemic, probably as a result of a founder effect. However, this vari-ant was replaced by G614-bearing viruses in April.In vitroassays showed an en-hanced infectivity of pseudotyped virions displaying the G614 substitution comparedwith those having D614, suggesting a fitness advantage of D614G. J Virol. 2021 Jan 13;95(3):e01583-20. 10.1128/JVI.01583-20 1098-5514 0022-538X Journal of virology 33127745 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/11291 COVID-19 Europe SARS-CoV Spain Phylodynamics A Founder Effect Led Early Sars-Cov-2 Transmission In Spain