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               <mods:identifier type="citation">Clin Microbiol Infect  . 2016 Aug;22(8):739.e1-4</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.021</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="e-issn">1469-0691</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="journal">Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="pubmedID">27265372</mods:identifier>
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               <mods:abstract>No field method exists for identifying asymptomatic individuals in areas where Leishmania infantum is endemic. This work reports that, 24 h after stimulating whole blood with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) become significantly elevated in samples from asymptomatic individuals (n=47) compared with those from negative controls (n=50), all of them recruited from a blood bank. When compared with the reference test SLA-lymphoproliferative assay, IL-2 appears as a new, 100% sensitive and specific marker for asymptomatic individuals with a positive cellular response (compared with 100% and 84.78%, respectively, for IFN-γ). Further studies in other transmission areas and in other cohorts of exposed people need to be performed to confirm these results. Once validated, IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in SLA-stimulated whole blood could be reliably used in the field to estimate the prevalence of those asymptomatic individuals with Leishmania-specific cellular immune responses.</mods:abstract>
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                  <mods:title>Interleukin-2 as a marker for detecting asymptomatic individuals in areas where Leishmania infantum is endemic</mods:title>
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