2024-03-28T14:43:24Zhttp://repisalud.isciii.es/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/91372022-11-11T10:47:54Zcom_20.500.12105_2060com_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_2061
Repisalud
author
Bussotti, Giovanni
author
Gouzelou, Evi
author
Côrtes Boité, Mariana
author
Kherachi, Ihcen
author
Harrat, Zoubir
author
Eddaikra, Naouel
author
Mottram, Jeremy C
author
Antoniou, Maria
author
Christodoulou, Vasiliki
author
Bali, Aymen
author
Guerfali, Fatma Z
author
Laouini, Dhafer
author
Mukhtar, Maowia
author
Dumetz, Franck
author
Dujardin, Jean-Claude
author
Smirlis, Despina
author
Lechat, Pierre
author
Pescher, Pascale
author
El Hamouchi, Adil
author
Lemrani, Meryem
author
Chicharro, Carmen
author
Llanes-Acevedo, Ivonne Pamela
author
Botana, Laura
author
Cruz, Israel
author
Moreno, Javier
author
Jeddi, Fakhri
author
Aoun, Karim
author
Bouratbine, Aïda
author
Cupolillo, Elisa
author
Späth, Gerald F
funder
Belgian Science Policy Office
funder
Unión Europea
2020-02-21T12:42:01Z
2020-02-21T12:42:01Z
2018
mBio. 2018 Nov 6;9(6). pii: e01399-18.
2150-7511
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/9137
30401775
10.1128/mBio.01399-18
2150-7511
mBio
Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania adapt to environmental change through chromosome and gene copy number variations. Only little is known about external or intrinsic factors that govern Leishmania genomic adaptation. Here, by conducting longitudinal genome analyses of 10 new Leishmania clinical isolates, we uncovered important differences in gene copy number among genetically highly related strains and revealed gain and loss of gene copies as potential drivers of long-term environmental adaptation in the field. In contrast, chromosome rather than gene amplification was associated with short-term environmental adaptation to in vitro culture. Karyotypic solutions were highly reproducible but unique for a given strain, suggesting that chromosome amplification is under positive selection and dependent on species- and strain-specific intrinsic factors. We revealed a progressive increase in read depth towards the chromosome ends for various Leishmania isolates, which may represent a nonclassical mechanism of telomere maintenance that can preserve integrity of chromosome ends during selection for fast in vitro growth. Together our data draw a complex picture of Leishmania genomic adaptation in the field and in culture, which is driven by a combination of intrinsic genetic factors that generate strain-specific phenotypic variations, which are under environmental selection and allow for fitness gain.IMPORTANCE Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania cause severe human and veterinary diseases worldwide, termed leishmaniases. A hallmark of Leishmania biology is its capacity to adapt to a variety of unpredictable fluctuations inside its human host, notably pharmacological interventions, thus, causing drug resistance. Here we investigated mechanisms of environmental adaptation using a comparative genomics approach by sequencing 10 new clinical isolates of the L. donovani, L. major, and L. tropica complexes that were sampled across eight distinct geographical regions. Our data provide new evidence that parasites adapt to environmental change in the field and in culture through a combination of chromosome and gene amplification that likely causes phenotypic variation and drives parasite fitness gains in response to environmental constraints. This novel form of gene expression regulation through genomic change compensates for the absence of classical transcriptional control in these early-branching eukaryotes and opens new venues for biomarker discovery.
eng
Leishmania
Aneuploidy
Evolution
Gene copy number variation
Genomic adaptation
Telomeric amplification
Leishmania Genome Dynamics during Environmental Adaptation Reveal Strain-Specific Differences in Gene Copy Number Variation, Karyotype Instability, and Telomeric Amplification
journal article
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URL
https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstream/20.500.12105/9137/1/LeishmaniaGenomeDynamicsDuring_2018.pdf
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LeishmaniaGenomeDynamicsDuring_2018.pdf
URL
https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstream/20.500.12105/9137/3/LeishmaniaGenomeDynamicsDuring_2018.pdf.txt
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LeishmaniaGenomeDynamicsDuring_2018.pdf.txt