2024-03-29T08:29:14Zhttp://repisalud.isciii.es/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/125812022-10-06T09:41:53Zcom_20.500.12105_2123com_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_2124
Repisalud
author
Celaya-Echarri, Mikel
author
Azpilicueta, Leyre
author
Ramos-Gonzalez, Maria Victoria
author
Lopez-Iturri, Peio
author
Falcone, Francisco
funder
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
funder
Tecnológico de Monterrey (México)
funder
European Regional Development Fund
funder
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
funder
Unión Europea
funder
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
2021-04-09T09:41:48Z
2021-04-09T09:41:48Z
2021
IEEE Access.2021;9 :46755-75
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/12581
10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3067852
2169-3536
IEEE Access
This work provides an intensive and comprehensive in-depth study from an empiricaland modeling approach of the environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) radiationexposure in public shopping malls, as an example of an indoor high-node user density context awareenvironment, where multiple wireless communication systems coexist. For that purpose, current personalmobile communications (2G-5G FR 1) as well as Wi-Fi services (IEEE 802.11n/ac) have been preciselyanalyzed in order to provide clear RF-EMF assessment insight and to verify compliance with establishedregulation limits. In this sense, a complete measurements campaign has been performed in differentcountries, with frequency-selective exposimeters (PEMs), providing real empirical datasets for statisticalanalysis and allowing discussion and comparison regarding current health effects and safety issues betweensome of the most common RF-EMF exposure safety standards: ICNIRP 2020 (Spain), IEEE 2019 (Mexico)and a more restrictive regulation (Poland). In addition, environmental RF-EMF exposure assessmentsimulation results, in terms of spatial E-field characterization and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)probabilities, have been provided for challenging incremental high-node user dense scenarios in worst caseconditions, by means of a deterministic in-house 3D Ray-Launching (3D-RL) RF-EMF safety simulationtechnique, showing good agreement with the experimental measurements. Finally, discussion highlightingthe contribution and effects of the coexistence of multiple heterogenous networks and services for theenvironmental RF-EMF radiation exposure assessment has been included, showing that for all measuredresults and simulated cases, the obtained E-Field levels are well below the exposure limits established in theinternationally accepted standards and guidelines. In consequence, the obtained results and the presentedmethodology could become a starting point to stablish the RF-EMF assessment basis of future complexheterogeneous 5G FR 2 developments on the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range, where massivehigh-node user density networks are expected.
eng
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)
Personal exposimeter (PEM)
Electro-magnetic safety
E-field strength distribution
3D ray launching (3D-RL)
5G
High-node density
Publicshopping malls
Empirical and Modeling Approach for Environmental Indoor RF-EMF Assessment in Complex High-Node Density Scenarios: Public Shopping Malls Case Study
journal article
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URL
https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstream/20.500.12105/12581/1/EmpiricalAndModelingApproach_2021.pdf
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https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstream/20.500.12105/12581/6/EmpiricalAndModelingApproach_2021.pdf.txt
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EmpiricalAndModelingApproach_2021.pdf.txt