Paciente oncológico con incapacidad laboral absoluta: características epidemiológicas, supervivencia y seguimiento de su incapacidad laboral

Abstract

[ES] Cada año tanto la incidencia como la supervivencia del cáncer aumentan en España y, paralelamente el gasto económico que supone las Invalidez Permanente Absoluta (IPA) por estas patologías. Objetivo: Conocer las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes oncológicos con IPA y qué variables se asocian a una supervivencia mayor a 5 años, con la finalidad de establecer unos criterios de revisión de la capacidad laboral de estos pacientes. Metodo: Se analizaron los pacientes valorados en la Unidad Médica de la Dirección Provincial del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social de Madrid en el año 2005 menores de 55 años, con el diagnóstico de patología oncológica y cuya calificación final fue la de IPA. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, estado civil, profesión, régimen de afiliación a la Seguridad Social, tipo de cáncer (diferenciando si estaba extendido y/o había tenido recidivas), la presencia de otras patologías asociadas, la presencia de otras limitaciones constitutivas de IPA y por último la supervivencia a los 5 años. De los pacientes que seguían vivos en Noviembre del 2010 se estudió la relación de las variables con la supervivencia y la evolución de su grado de invalidez. [EN] Each year the incidence of cancer in Spain increases, as well as the survival, and at the same time the economic cost due to Absolute Permanent Disability (APD) caused by these diseases. Objective: Know the epidemiological characteristics of cancer patients with APD and what variables are associated to survival beyond 5 years, in order to establish criteria for the review of the working capacity of these patients. Method: We analyzed all patients evaluated in the Medical Unit of The National Institute of Social Security in Madrid in 2005, under 55 years of age, with the diagnosis of neoplasic disease and whose final evaluation was APD. We analyzed the following variables: age, sex, marital status, occupation, type of Social Security affiliation, type of cancer (distinguishing whether it was widespread and / or had had relapses), the presence of other associated diseases, the presence of other conditions which in themselves were constitutive of APD and finally the survival beyond 5 years. Among the patients who were alive in November 2010 we studied the relationship of variables with the survival and evolution of the degree of disability. Results: The total number of patients studied was 212. The most frequent type of tumors in women were breast and lung cancer and in men lung and colon-rectum. The 5-year survival was 30 %.This survival decreases with age, depending on the type of tumor, the presence of metastasis and / or relapses and the presence of comorbidity. Tumors that cause most number of deaths are lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Regarding the followup of disability, 54 % (35 of 64) of the survivors had not been reviewed and had no sequels or other conditions constituting APD. Conclusion: Medical evaluation must be adapted to changes in the evolution of these patients and must do so by updating oncological training and increasing medical reviews. These reviews may be established at the same time as the disability rating or later on, after selecting those cases where with a reasonable survival and age, do not exhibit other limitations constitutive of APD.