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dc.contributor.authorSeppälä, Elina Marjukka
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Perea, Noemi 
dc.contributor.authorTorres-de Mier, Maria de Viarce 
dc.contributor.authorEchevarria, Juan Emilio 
dc.contributor.authorFernandez-Garcia, Aurora 
dc.contributor.authorMasa-Calles, Josefa 
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-18T10:10:38Z
dc.date.available2020-05-18T10:10:38Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationVaccine. 2019 Jan 3;37(1):169-175.es_ES
dc.identifier.issn0264-410Xes_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/10155
dc.description.abstractWith a highly immunized population, rubella infection in Spain is so low that the WHO has declared the elimination of rubella. Rubella in pregnant women is also very rare. The objective of this study is to describe the last cases of congenital rubella syndrome reported and recommend actions to maintain the status of the disease as eliminated. The CRS cases reported to the Spanish National Epidemiological Surveillance Network between 1997 and 2016 were studied, and the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and maternal characteristics of newborns with CRS described. The incidence of CRS was calculated using Birth Statistics from the Spanish National Statistics Agency (INE). Twenty-three cases of CRS were reported, 70% of which were associated with rubella outbreaks. The most common clinical conditions were heart disease (52.2%), deafness (39.1%) and cataracts (30.4%); 91.3% of cases were confirmed by laboratory testing. 70.0% were born from a non-vaccinated foreign mother, resident in Spain (cumulative rate incidence (CR): 1.1/100,000 births), with mothers coming from Africa (36.0%), Latin America (29.0%), Eastern Europe (21.0%) and Asia (14.0%). Six were born to Spanish mothers (CR: 0.08/ 100,000 births), the last of which were in 2005. The majority of CRS cases were born to unvaccinated immigrant women infected in Spain during rubella outbreaks. Universal vaccination in childhood is the most efficient strategy to prevent rubella. The limited circulation of the virus will, however, quickly lead to a loss of awareness about rubella among clinicians and epidemiologists. It is necessary to maintain protocols capable of identifying signs consistent with rubella in pregnant women and signs suggestive of congenital rubella in newborns.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is the result of the stay that Elina M. Seppälä, a student at the University of Tampere (Finland) and granted an Erasmus + scholarship, held at the National Epidemiology Centre (ISCIII) between February and April 2017es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherElsevier es_ES
dc.type.hasVersionVoRes_ES
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectCongenital abnormalitieses_ES
dc.subjectCongenital rubella syndromees_ES
dc.subjectDisease preventiones_ES
dc.subjectEmigration and immigrationes_ES
dc.subjectEpidemiological surveillancees_ES
dc.subjectGenetic testinges_ES
dc.subjectRubellaes_ES
dc.subjectRubella vaccinees_ES
dc.subjectSpaines_ES
dc.subject.meshAdolescent es_ES
dc.subject.meshAdult es_ES
dc.subject.meshAfrica es_ES
dc.subject.meshAntibodies, Viral es_ES
dc.subject.meshAsia es_ES
dc.subject.meshDisease Eradication es_ES
dc.subject.meshDisease Outbreaks es_ES
dc.subject.meshEmigrants and Immigrants es_ES
dc.subject.meshEpidemiological Monitoring es_ES
dc.subject.meshEurope, Eastern es_ES
dc.subject.meshFemale es_ES
dc.subject.meshHumans es_ES
dc.subject.meshImmunization Programs es_ES
dc.subject.meshIncidence es_ES
dc.subject.meshInfant, Newborn es_ES
dc.subject.meshMale es_ES
dc.subject.meshMothers es_ES
dc.subject.meshPregnancy es_ES
dc.subject.meshPregnancy Complications, Infectious es_ES
dc.subject.meshRubella es_ES
dc.subject.meshRubella Syndrome, Congenital es_ES
dc.subject.meshRubella Vaccine es_ES
dc.subject.meshSpain es_ES
dc.subject.meshYoung Adult es_ES
dc.titleLast cases of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Spain, 1997-2016: The success of a vaccination programes_ES
dc.typejournal articlees_ES
dc.rights.licenseAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional*
dc.identifier.pubmedID30454948es_ES
dc.format.volume37es_ES
dc.format.number1es_ES
dc.format.page169-175es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.017es_ES
dc.contributor.funderInstituto de Salud Carlos III 
dc.identifier.e-issn1873-2518es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.017es_ES
dc.identifier.journalVaccinees_ES
dc.repisalud.centroISCIII::Centro Nacional de Epidemiologíaes_ES
dc.repisalud.centroISCIII::Centro Nacional de Microbiologíaes_ES
dc.repisalud.institucionISCIIIes_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses_ES


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Este Item está sujeto a una licencia Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional