Browsing by Author "Smith, Caren E."
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Publication Associations of the MCM6-rs3754686 proxy for milk intake in Mediterranean and American populations with cardiovascular biomarkers, disease and mortality: Mendelian randomization(Nature Publishing Group, 2016) Smith, Caren E.; Coltell, Oscar; Sorli, Jose V.; Estruch, Ramon; Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Fito, Montserrat; Aros, Fernando; Dashti, Hassan S.; Lai, Chao Q.; Miro, Leticia; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Gomez-Gracia, Enrique; Fiol, Miquel; Ros, Emilio; Aslibekyan, Stella; Hidalgo, Bertha; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Di, Chongzhi; Tucker, Katherine L.; Arnett, Donna K; Ordovas, Jose M; Corella, Dolores; National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos); NIH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (Estados Unidos); United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España); Jaume I University (España); Generalitat Valenciana (España); Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)Controversy persists on the association between dairy products, especially milk, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Genetic proxies may improve dairy intake estimations, and clarify diet-disease relationships through Mendelian randomization. We meta-analytically (n <= 20,089) evaluated associations between a lactase persistence (LP) SNP, the minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6)-rs3754686C>T (nonpersistence>persistence), dairy intake, and CVD biomarkers in American (Hispanics, African-American and Whites) and Mediterranean populations. Moreover, we analyzed longitudinal associations with milk, CVD and mortality in PREDIMED), a randomized Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention trial (n = 7185). The MCM6-rs3754686/MCM6-rs309180 (as proxy), LP-allele (T) was strongly associated with higher milk intake, but inconsistently associated with glucose and lipids, and not associated with CVD or total mortality in the whole population. Heterogeneity analyses suggested some sex-specific associations. The T-allele was associated with higher CVD and mortality risk in women but not in men (P-sex interaction: 0.005 and 0.032, respectively), mainly in the MedDiet group. However, milk intake was not associated with CVD biomarkers, CVD or mortality either generally or in sub-groups. Although MCM6-rs3754686 is a good milk intake proxy in these populations, attributing its associations with CVD and mortality in Mediterranean women to milk is unwarranted, as other factors limiting the assumption of causality in Mendelian randomization may exist.Publication Genetic variants modify the effect of age on APOE methylation in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study(Wiley, 2015) Ma, Yiyi; Smith, Caren E.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Irvin, Marguerite R.; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lee, Yu-Chi; Pham, Lucia; Aslibekyan, Stella; Claas, Steven A.; Tsai, Michael Y.; Borecki, Ingrid B.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Berciano, Silvia; Ordovas, Jose M; Absher, Devin M; Arnett, Donna K; NIH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (Estados Unidos); NIH - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (Estados Unidos); United States Department of AgricultureAlthough apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants are associated with age-related diseases, the underlying mechanism is unknown and DNA methylation may be a potential one. With methylation data, measured by the Infinium Human Methylation 450 array, from 993 participants (age ranging from 18 to 87years) in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study, and from Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) consortium, combined with published methylation datasets, we described the methylation pattern of 13 CpG sites within APOE locus, their correlations with gene expression across cell types, and their relationships with age, plasma lipids, and sequence variants. Based on methylation levels and the genetic regions, we categorized the 13 APOE CpG sites into three groups: Group 1 showed hypermethylation (>50\%) and were located in the promoter region, Group 2 exhibited hypomethylation (<50\%) and were located in the first two exons and introns, and Group 3 showed hypermethylation (>50\%) and were located in the exon 4. APOE methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression (minimum r=-0.66, P=0.004). APOE methylation was significantly associated with age (minimum P=2.06E-08) and plasma total cholesterol (minimum P=3.53E-03). Finally, APOE methylation patterns differed across APOE epsilon variants (minimum P=3.51E-05) and the promoter variant rs405509 (minimum P=0.01), which further showed a significant interaction with age (P=0.03). These findings suggest that methylation may be a potential mechanistic explanation for APOE functions related to aging and call for further molecular mechanistic studies.Publication Statin Use Associates With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes via Epigenetic Patterns at ABCG1(Frontiers Media, 2020-06-16) Liu, Yuwei; Shen, Yu; Guo, Tao; Parnell, Laurence D.; Westerman, Kenneth E.; Smith, Caren E.; Ordovas, Jose M; Lai, Chao-Qiang; China Scholarship Council; United States Department of AgricultureStatin is the medication most widely prescribed to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. Yet, how the medication contributes to diabetes risk and impaired glucose metabolism is not clear. This study aims to examine the epigenetic mechanisms of ABCG1 through which statin use associates with risk of type 2 diabetes. We determined the association between the statin use, DNA methylation at ABCG1 and type 2 diabetes/glycemic traits in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (FHS, n = 2741), with validation in the Women’s Health Initiative Study (WHI, n = 2020). The causal effect of statin use on the risk of type 2 diabetes was examined using a two-step Mendelian randomization approach. Next, based on transcriptome analysis, we determined the links between the medication-associated epigenetic status of ABCG1 and biological pathways on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that DNA methylation levels at cg06500161 of ABCG1 were positively associated with the use of statin, type 2 diabetes and related traits (fasting glucose and insulin) in FHS and WHI. Two-step Mendelian randomization suggested a causal effect of statin use on type 2 diabetes and related traits through epigenetic mechanisms, specifically, DNA methylation at cg06500161. Our results highlighted that gene expression of ABCG1, ABCA1 and ACSL3, involved in both cholesterol metabolism and glycemic pathways, was inversely associated with statin use, CpG methylation, and diabetic signatures. We concluded that DNA methylation site cg06500161 at ABCG1 is a mediator of the association between statins and risk of type 2 diabetes.