S1 
 
 
SUPPORTING INFORMATION 
Biomarkers, matrices and analytical methods targeting human exposure to chemicals  
selected for a European human biomonitoring initiative 
Katrin Vorkampa, Argelia Castañob, Jean-Philippe Antignacc, Luis D. Boadad, Enrique Cequiere,  
Adrian Covacif, Marta Esteban Lópezb, Line S. Hauge, Monika Kasper-Sonnenbergg, Holger M. Kochg, 
Octavio Pérez Luzardod, Agnese Osīteh, Loïc Rambaudi, Maria-Teresa Pinorinij¤, Gabriele Sabbionij¤,  
Cathrine Thomsene 
aAarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Denmark; bInstituto de Salud Carlos III, National Centre for 
Environmental Health, Spain; cOniris, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France; dUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Institute for 
Biomedical and Health Research, Spain; eNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; fUniversity of Antwerp, Toxicological 
Centre, Belgium; gRuhr University Bochum, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident 
Insurance, Germany; hUniversity of Latvia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Latvia; iSanté Publique France, Department of 
Environmental Health, France; jAlpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Olivone, Switzerland 
 
  
                                                          
 Corresponding author. E-mail: kvo@envs.au.dk. Phone: +45-87158483. Postal address: Aarhus University, 
Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 
 Present address: University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain 
¤ Present address: Università della Svizzera italiana, Research and Transfer Service, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland 
 
S2 
 
Table S1: List of acronyms used in this article 
Acronym Full name 
AAS Atomic absorption spectrometry 
ABP Aminobiphenyl 
ADONA Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate 
BBOEP Bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate 
BzBP Benzyl butyl phthalate 
BCIPHIPP 1-Hydroxy-2-propyl-bis(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate 
BCIPP Bis(chloroisopropyl) phosphate; bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate 
BDCIPP Bis(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate 
BCEP Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate 
BDE Bromodiphenyl ether 
BEHP Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 
BEH-TEBP Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate 
BMPP Biscresyl phosphate (Bis(methylphenyl) phosphate) 
BPA Bisphenol A 
BPF Bisphenol F 
BPS Bisphenol S 
BTBPE 1,2-Bis(2,4,6- tribromophenoxy)ethane 
CA Chloroaniline 
CAS Chemical Abstracts Service 
5cx-MEPP Mono-(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate 
cx-MIDP Carboxy-(mono-isodecyl) phthalate (carboxylated DIDP metabolite)  
cx-MINCH Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate-mono-carboxyisononyl ester 
cx-MINP Carboxy-(mono-isononyl) phthalate (carboxylated DINP metabolite) 
cx-MPrHpP Carboxy-(mono-2-propyl-heptyl) phthalate 
DBDPE Decabromodiphenyl ethane 
DBE-DBCH Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane 
DBP Dibutyl phthalate 
DCA Dichloroaniline 
DCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate 
DDC-CO Dechlorane plus 
DEHP Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 
DEP Diethyl phthalate / Diethyl phosphate 
DIBP Diisobutyl phthalate 
DIDP Diisodecyl phthalate 
DINCH 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester 
DINP Diisononyl phthalate 
diPAP Polyfluoroalkyl phosophoric acid diester 
DIPeP Diisopentyl phthalate 
DMA Dimethylaniline 
DMP Dimethyl phthalate 
DNBP Di-n-butyl phosphate 
DNHxP Di-n-hexyl phthalate 
DNOP Di-n-octyl phthalate 
DNPeP Di-n-pentyl phthalate 
DP Dechlorane plus 
DPHP Diphenyl phosphate 
DPrHpP Di(2-propyl-heptyl) phthalate 
DRC Dynamic reaction cell 
EA Ethylaniline 
S3 
 
EB Exposure biomarker 
ECNI Electron capture negative ionization 
EHDPHP 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate 
EH-TBB 2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate 
EI Electron ionization 
EtFOSAA N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetate 
EtFOSE N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol 
FOSA Perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide 
FOSE Perfluoroalkyl sulfonamidoethanol 
FR Flame retardant 
FTCA Fluorotelomer carboxylic acid 
FTOH Fluorotelomer alcohol 
FTSA Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 
FTUCA Fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid 
GC Gas chromatography 
GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 
GC-MS/MS Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 
GPC Gel permeation chromatography 
Hb Haemoglobin 
HBB Hexabromobenzene 
HBCDD Hexabromocyclododecane 
HBM4EU Human Biomonitoring for Europe 
HFR Halogenated flame retardant 
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography 
HRMS High resolution mass spectrometry 
ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry 
i,p-PHPHP Isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate 
i,p-TPHP Isopropyl triphenyl phosphate 
LC Liquid chromatography 
LC-MS/MS High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 
LLE Liquid-liquid extraction 
LOD Limit of detection 
LRMS Low resolution mass spectrometry 
M Matrix 
MA Methylaniline 
MBzP Monobenzyl phthalate 
MCHP Monocyclohexyl phthalate 
MDA 4,4-Methylenedianiline 
MDL Method detection limit 
MECPP Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate 
MeFOSAA N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetate 
MeFOSE N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol 
MEHHP Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate 
MEP Monoethyl phthalate 
MeOA Methoxyaniline 
MEOHP Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl) phthalate 
MIBP Monoisobutyl phthalate 
MIPeP Monoisopentyl phthalate 
MMP Monomethyl phthalate 
MNBP Mono-n-butyl phthalate 
MNHxP Mono-n-hexyl phthalate 
S4 
 
MNOP Mono-n-octyl phthalate 
MNPeP Mono-n-pentyl phthalate 
MOCA 4,4-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) 
monoPAP Polyfluoroalkyl phosophoric acid monoester 
NA Naphthylamine 
N-EtFOSA N-ethyl-perfluoro-1-octanesulfonamide 
NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 
N-MeFOSA N-methyl-perfluoro-1-octane sulfonamide 
5OH-MEHP Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate 
OH-MIDP OH-mono-isodecyl phthalate 
OH-MINCH Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate-mono-hydroxyisononyl ester 
OH-MINP OH-mono-isononyl phthalate 
OH-MPrHpP OH-mono-2-propyl-heptyl phthalate 
OPFR Organophosphorous flame retardant 
5oxo-MEHP Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl) phthalate 
Oxo-MIDP Oxo-mono-isodecyl phthalate 
Oxo-MINCH Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate-mono-oxoisononyl ester 
Oxo-MINP Oxo-mono-isononyl phthalate 
Oxo-MPrHpP Oxo-mono-2-propyl-heptyl phthalate 
PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 
PBDE Polybrominated diphenyl ether 
PBEB Pentabromoethylbenzene 
PBT Pentabromotoluene 
PDA Phenylenediamine 
PFAS Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance 
PFBA Perfluorobutanoic acid 
PFBS Perfluorobutane sulfonate 
PFCA Perfluoralkyl carboxylic acids 
PFDA Perfluorodecanoic acid 
PFDoDA Perfluorododecanoic acid 
PFDPA Perfluorodecyl phosphonic acid 
PFDS Perfluorodecane sulfonate 
PFHpA Perfluoroheptanoic acid 
PFHpS Perfluoroheptane sulfonate 
PFHxA Perfluorohexanoic acid 
PFHxDA Perfluorohexadecanoic acid 
PFHxPA Perfluorohexyl phosphonic acid 
PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonate 
PFNA Perfluorononaoic acid 
PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid 
PFODA Perfluorooctadecanoic acid 
PFOPA Perfluorooctyl phosphonic acid 
PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonate 
PFPeA Perfluoropentanoic acid 
PFPiA Perfluorophosphinic acid 
PFSA Perfluoroalkane sulfonic acid 
PFTeDA Perfluorotetradecanoic acid 
PFTrDA Perfluorotridecanoic acid 
PFUnDA Perfluoroundecanoic acid 
POP Persistent organic pollutant 
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 
S5 
 
QA/QC Quality assurance/quality control 
REACH European Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of 
Chemicals 
RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 
SPE Solid phase extraction 
SVHC Substances of Very High Concern 
TBBPA Tetrabromobisphenol A 
TBOEP Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate 
TBX 2,3,5,6-Tetrabromoxylene 
TCEP Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate 
TCIPP Tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate 
TDA Toluenediamine 
TDCIPP Tri(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate 
TEP Triethyl phosphate 
TEHP Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 
TMPP Tricresyl phosphate (Tris(methylphenyl) phosphate) 
TNBP Tri-n-butyl phosphate 
TOPA Total oxidizable precursor analysis 
TPHP Triphenyl phosphate 
 
  
S6 
 
Table S2: Chemical structures of some phthalates and DINCH 
Compound name Acronym CAS no. Structure 
Dibutyl phthalate DBP 84-74-2 
 
Diisobutyl phthalate DIBP 84-69-5 
 
Benzyl butyl phthalate BzBP 85-68-7 
 
Bis(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate 
DEHP 117-81-7 
 
Di-n-octyl phthalate DNOP 117-84-0 
 
Diisononyl phthalate DINP* 28553-12-0 
and  
68515-48-0 
 
1,2-cyclohexane 
dicarboxylic acid 
diisononyl ester 
DINCH* 166412-78-8 
 
* One of many alkyl chain isomers shown. 
  
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3CH3
CH3 CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3
O
O CH3
CH3
O
O CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
S7 
 
 
Table S3: Chemical structures of bisphenols A, S and F 
Compound name Acronym CAS no. Structure 
Bisphenol A BPA 80-05-7 
 
Bisphenol S BPS 80-09-1 
 
Bisphenol F 
(4,4-Bisphenol F) 
BPF 620-92-8 
 
 
 
Table S4: Chemical structures of some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) mentioned in the article 
Compound name Acronym CAS no. Structure 
Perfluorohexane 
sulfonate 
PFHxS 355-46-4 
 
Perfluorooctane 
sulfonate 
PFOS 1763-23-1 
 
Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA 335-67-1 
 
Perfluorononanoic acid PFNA 375-95-1 
 
Perfluoro-1-
octaperfluoro-1-octane 
sulfonamide 
FOSA 754-91-6 
 
N-ethylperfluoro-1-
octane sulfonamide 
N-EtFOSA 4151-50-2 
 
 
  
CH3 CH3
OHOH
S
O
OHOH
O
OHOH
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
S
O
O O
–
F F
F
F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
S
O
O O
–
F F
O
OH
F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
O
OH
F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
S
O
O
F F
NH2
F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
F F
S
O
O
F F
NH CH3
S8 
 
Table S5: Chemical structures of some halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) mentioned in the article 
Compound name Acronym CAS no. Structure 
2,2’,4,4’-Tetrabromodiphenyl 
ether 
BDE-47 5436-43-1 
 
2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-
Hexabromodiphenyl ether 
BDE-153 68631-49-2 
 
Decabromodiphenyl ether BDE-209 1163-19-5 
 
Hexabromocylododecane HBCDD α-HBCDD: 
134237-50-6; 
γ-HBCDD: 
134-237-52-8 
 
Tetrabromobisphenol A TBBPA 79-94-7 
 
Bis(2-
ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate 
BEH-
TEBP 
26040-51-7 
 
2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-
tetrabromobenzoate 
EH-TBB 183658-27-7 
 
Decabromodiphenyl ethane DBDPE 84852-53-9 
 
Dechlorane plus DP; 
DDC-CO 
13560-89-9 
 
O
Br
BrBr
Br
O
Br
BrBr
Br Br
Br
O
Br
BrBr
Br Br
Br
Br
Br Br
Br
CH3 CH3
OHOH
Br
BrBr
Br
 
O
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
CH3
CH3
Br
Br
Br
Br
 
O
O
CH3
CH3
Br
Br
Br
Br
 
BrBr
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
S9 
 
Table S6: Chemical structures of some organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs) mentioned in the 
article. The side chains R can differ (R1-R3) for other compounds. 
General structure 
 
Compound name Acronym CAS no. R 
Tri(2-chloroethyl) 
phosphate 
TCEP 115-96-8 
CH3
Cl
 
Tri(1-chloroisopropyl) 
phosphate 
TCIPP 13674-84-5 
CH3
Cl
CH3  
Tri(1,3-dichloro-
isopropyl) phosphate 
TDCIPP 13674-87-8 
CH3
Cl
Cl 
Triphenyl phosphate TPHP 115-86-6 CH3
 
Tris-n-butyl phosphate TNBP 126-73-8 CH3 CH3
 
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) 
phosphate 
TBOEP 78-51-3 CH3
O CH3 
Triscresylphosphate TMPP 1330-78-5 CH3
CH
3
 
 
  
 
P
O
O
O
OR
R
R
S10 
 
Table S7: Chemical structures of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mentioned in the article 
Compound name CAS no. Structure 
Naphthalene 91-20-3 
 
Fluorene 86-73-7 
 
Phenanthrene 85-01-8 
 
Pyrene 129-00-0 
 
Chrysene 218-01-9 
 
Benzo[a]pyrene 50-32-8 
 
Benzo[e]pyrene 192-97-2 
 
Benz[a]anthracene 56-55-3 
 
Benzo[b]fluoranthene 205-99-2 
 
Benzo[j]fluoranthene 205-82-3 
 
Benzo[k]fluoranthene 207-08-9 
 
S11 
 
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene 53-70-3 
 
 
  
S12 
 
Table S8: Chemical structures of some arylamines mentioned in the article 
Compound name Acronym CAS no. Structure 
4,4-
Methylenedianiline 
MDA 101-77-9 
 
4,4-Methylenebis(2-
chloroaniline) 
MOCA 101-14-4 
 
2,4-Toluenediamine 2,4-TDA 95-80-7 CH3
NH2
NH2
 
2,6-Toluenediamine 2,6-TDA 823-40-5 CH3
NH2NH2
 
2,5-Toluenediamine 2,5-TDA 95-70-5 CH3
NH2
NH2  
1,4-Phenylenediamine 1,4-PDA 106-50-3 NH2
NH2  
Aniline - 62-53-3 
 
2-Methylaniline 2-MA 95-53-4 NH2
CH3
 
4-Methylaniline 4-MA 106-49-0 NH2
CH3  
2-Methoxyaniline 2-MeOA 90-04-0 NH2
OCH3
 
4-Chloroaniline 4-CA 106-47-8 NH2
Cl  
3,4-Dichloroaniline 3,4-DCA 95-76-1 NH2
Cl
Cl  
 
NH2NH2
NH2NH2
ClCl
NH2