Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 ASystematic Analysis for theGlobal Burden of Disease Study 2019 Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, andmortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimationmethods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6million (95%UI, 22.2-24.9million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250million (235-264million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95%UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95%UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, themiddle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(3):420-444. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987 Published online December 30, 2021. Supplemental content Corresponding Author: JonathanM. Kocarnik, PhD, MPH, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Population Health Building/Hans Rosling Center, University of Washington, Box #351615, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 (kocarnik@uw.edu). Research JAMAOncology | Original Investigation 420 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 C ancers are amajor contributor todiseaseburdenworld-wide, and projections forecast that global cancerburden will continue to grow for at least the next 2 decades.1-4 The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Develop- mentGoals (SDGs) recognize theneed for reducingcancerbur- den as part of target 3.4, stating “By2030, reducebyone third prematuremortality fromnoncommunicablediseases [NCDs] throughpreventionand treatment andpromotementalhealth andwell-being.”5 Most countries will need to accelerate their efforts to reduce NCD burden, including cancer, to meet this SDG target.6,7 Increasing the pace of progress will be particu- larly critical given theongoingCOVID-19pandemic,whichhas led to delays and disruptions in cancer screenings, diagnosis, and treatment around the world.8-12 The importanceofpreventionandcontrol ofNCDs, includ- ingcancer,wasemphasizedbythethirdUNHigh-LevelMeeting onNCDs in201813 and theUNHigh-LevelMeetingonUniversal Health Coverage in 2019.14,15WorldHealth Organization initia- tives that are focused on breast cancer,16 cervical cancer,17 and childhood cancer18 are valuable efforts toward reducing global cancerburdenincombinationwithnational-levelcancercontrol planning and implementation. Global and local efforts require comprehensiveassessmentsofcancerburden, informationthat may be sparse or unavailable in some countries.19 The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) framework enables the com- parable assessmentof cancerburdenacross locationsand time in termsof cancer incidence,mortality, yearsof life lost (YLLs), years livedwith disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).20 Estimates of YLLs, YLDs, andDALYs comple- ment incidenceandmortality estimatesby incorporatingmor- bidity andmortality contributions to total cancer burdenover the lifetime. Because GBD 2019 estimated disease burden across a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive hier- archy of diseases and injuries, cancer burden can also be sys- tematically compared with and ranked against other causes ofdiseaseburden.Together, thesequalitieshelpGBD2019pro- videacomprehensivepictureofvariation incancerburdenthat can potentially inform cancer control planning. In this article,wepresent results for 29 cancer groups from theGBD2019 study, globally and for 204 countries and territo- ries, from2010through2019.Resultsarealsoprovidedbyquin- tiles of the Sociodemographic Index (SDI), a summary indica- torof social andeconomicdevelopment thatallowsforanalyses ofdiseaseburdenpatternsacrossdifferentresourcecontexts.20,21 These estimates update results from theGBD2017 study22 and supersedepublishedestimatesfrompreviousGBDiterations.22-25 Methods This section provides an overview of GBD 2019 cancer esti- mationmethods.Additionaldetail is provided in theGBD2019 summarypublications,20,21,26aswell as in theeAppendix,eFig- ures 1 to 15, and eTables 1 to 18 in the Supplement. This study is compliant with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transpar- entHealthEstimatesReporting (GATHER)statement (eTable 13 in the Supplement).27 The University of Washington institu- tional review board committee approved GBD 2019, and in- formed consent was waived because of the use of deidenti- fied data. This article was produced as part of the GBD Collaborator Network and in accordancewith the GBD Proto- col (http://www.healthdata.org/gbd/about/protocol). Study Design Disease and injuries in GBD 2019 were organized into a com- prehensive hierarchy of nested levels, with neoplasms as 1 of 22 level 2 groups.20Cancerswere classified into 30 level 3 can- cer groups (eg, leukemia), 4 of which were further subdi- vided into level4groups (eg, chronicmyeloid leukemia).While the GBD study estimates benign and in situ neoplasms as an important component of total health burden from all neo- plasms broadly, this level 3 cancer group was not included in theestimates reported in this article to focusonmalignant can- cers (eAppendix in the Supplement). Similarly, because non- melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has relatively high incidence and lowmortalitycomparedwithothercancers, thisarticlepre- sents estimates with and without NMSC. There are 5majorways that this iterationof theGBDstudy improvedonthedataandmethodsusedtoestimatecancerbur- den inGBD201722 (eAppendix in the Supplement). First, GBD 2019 incorporated an additional 104076 new cancer-, loca- tion-, and year-specific sources of data compared with GBD 2017 (eTable 1 in the Supplement). Second, data processing methods were improved for several cancers, particularly liver cancer, as described later. Third, the youngest age group estimated was increased or decreased for several cancers to align with cancer registry age patterns. Fourth, modeling parameterswereupdated toperformadditional smoothing of mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) estimates across age and time, reducing improbable variation from sparse data. Fifth, cancer survival estimation methods were updated to im- prove uncertainty estimations and estimate age-specific instead of all-ages survival curves. Results are presented by SDI, a composite indicator of in- comeper capita,meanyears of education, and fertility rate for those younger than 25 years.21 The SDI is the geometricmean of these 3 independently estimated and scaled components, Key Points Question What was the burden of cancer globally and across Sociodemographic Index (SDI) groupings in 2019, and how has incidence, morbidity, andmortality changed since 2010? Findings In this systematic analysis, there were 23.6million new global cancer cases in 2019 (17.2 million when excluding those with nonmelanoma skin cancer), 10.0million cancer deaths, and an estimated 250million disability-adjusted life years estimated to be due to cancer; since 2010, these represent increases of 26.3%, 20.9%, and 16.0%, respectively. Absolute cancer burden increased in all SDI quintiles since 2010, but the largest percentage increases occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. Meanings The study results suggest that increased cancer prevention and control efforts are needed to equitably address the evolving and increasing burden of cancer across the SDI spectrum. Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 421 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 with lowervalues representing lowerdevelopment.While SDI valuesmay change over time, for consistency of comparison, countries were grouped into quintiles according to their SDI values in 2019 (eTable 2 and eFigure 1 in the Supplement). These quintiles were termed low, low-middle, middle, high- middle, and high. More details are provided in the eAppendix in the Supplement, including the population and SDI bounds for each quintile. Data Sources and Processing Cancer estimation in GBD 2019 used 929 193 cancer-, loca- tion-, and year-specific sources of data, of which 767 514 (82.6%) were from vital registration systems, 155 542 (16.7%) from cancer registries, and 6137 (0.7%) from verbal autopsy reports (eTable 1 in the Supplement). The cancers presented in this analysis includemalignant neoplasms or cancer as de- fined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases andRelatedHealthProblems,NinthRevision (ICD-9) codes 140 to 209,28 or Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes C00 to C96.29 Inci- dence andmortality datawith these ICD codes aremapped to GBDcancercauses20 (eAppendixandeTables3-5 in theSupple- ment). One processing update for GBD 2019 was the remap- ping of deaths coded to ICD-10 code C22.9; because this code includesunspecifiedprimaryor secondary liver cancer, a sub- set of these deaths were redistributed to various other can- cers that metastasize to the liver.20,30,31 Kaposi sarcoma was not estimated because deathswere primarily redistributed to be of HIV/AIDS (eAppendix in the Supplement).20 The GBD NMSCestimates included squamous cell carcinomaandbasal cell carcinoma. Because NMSC reporting was incomplete in many cancer registries,32 GBD 2019 additionally incorpo- rated data from the literature and clinical sources to estimate NMSC burden (eAppendix in the Supplement). Modeling Process The GBD cancer mortality and YLL estimation process in- cluded 2 primary steps (eFigure 2 in the Supplement), begin- ning with the estimation of cancer MIRs, which provide an associationbetweenmortalityand incidenceestimation,maxi- mizingdataavailability.TheMIRsweremodeledusingaspace- time Gaussian process regression approach26 (MIR methods are described in the eAppendix in the Supplement) using matched incidence and mortality data from cancer registries (eTable 6 in the Supplement) and the GBD-estimated health care access and quality index33 as a covariate. These esti- mated MIRs were then used to convert cancer registry inci- dence data into inputs for mortality modeling. Estimating cancermortalitywas the secondstep.TheGBD 2019 study used a Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach that combineddata fromvital registration systems, cancer registries, and verbal autopsy reports to estimate mortality across several submodels.34 Covariates provided forpotential inclusion in the submodels of theensemble, such as smokingprevalenceor alcoholuse, canbe found in theeAp- pendix and eTables 7 and 8 in the Supplement. Ensemble model construction and performancewas evaluated through out-of-samplepredictivevalidity tests (eTable9 in theSupple- ment). For each cancer, sex-specific CODEm models gener- ated mortality estimates across locations, years, and age groups. These cancer mortality estimates were then scaled to alignwith the total mortality for all causes of death, which was separately estimated in GBD 2019 (eTable 10 in the Supplement).21 To estimateYLLs, a standard age-specificGBD lifeexpectancywasapplied tomortalityestimatesbyagegroup (eAppendix in the Supplement).20 TheGBDcancer incidence andYLDestimationprocess in- cluded2 additional steps (eFigure 3 in the Supplement), start- ing with estimating incidence. Incidence was estimated by takingmortality estimates fromthesecondstepdescribedpre- viously and dividing byMIR estimates from the first step de- scribedpreviously foreachcancer type, sex, location,year, and 5-year age group. Additional information can be found in the eAppendix in the Supplement. Next, YLDswere estimated by combining prevalence esti- mateswithdisabilityweightsassociatedwithvariousphasesof cancersurvival.Toestimate10-yearcancerprevalence, survival curvesestimatedfromMIRswerecombinedwithGBD-estimated backgroundmortality and applied to incidence estimates. Ad- ditional information regardingsurvival andprevalenceestima- tioncanbe found in theeAppendixandeFigure3 in theSupple- ment.These10-yearprevalenceestimateswerethenpartitioned into4sequelaeaccording to theexpectedperson-timespent in these4phasesofcancersurvival: (1)diagnosis/treatment, (2) re- mission, (3)metastatic/disseminated,and(4) terminal (eTable11 in the Supplement). Each sequela prevalence was multiplied by a sequela-specific disability weight that represented the magnitudeofhealth loss (eTable 12 in theSupplement).20For5 cancer types (bladder, breast, colorectal, larynx, and prostate cancer), thetotalprevalenceadditionallyincludedlifetimepreva- lence of procedure-related disability (eg, laryngectomy due to larynx cancer). These procedure-related prevalence estimates weremodeledintheBayesianmeta-regressiontoolDisMod-MR, version 2.1,20 using medical records data on the proportion of patientswith cancerwhounderwent theseprocedures and the estimatednumberof10-yearsurvivors(eAppendixintheSupple- ment).Theseprocedure-relatedprevalenceestimateswerethen multipliedbyprocedure-specificdisabilityweights (eTable 12 in theSupplement).Total cancer-specificYLDswereestimatedby summingacross these sequelae.Finally,DALYswereestimated as the sumof YLDs andYLLs.20 Reporting Standards All rates are reported per 100000 person-years. Annualized rates of change from 2010 to 2019 represent the mean per- centage change per year during this period (eAppendix in the Supplement). The GBD world population standard was used to calculate age-standardized rates (eAppendix in the Supplement).21 For all estimates, 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) are reported. Uncertainty was propagated through each step of the cancer estimation process, with UIs representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the distribution of 1000 draws at each step (eAppendix in the Supplement).20 Results are reported for 29 cancer groups, 204 countries and territories, and 5 SDI quintiles from 2010 to 2019. These estimates, as well as extended years (1990-2019), additional cancer groups, national and subnational locations, sex- Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 422 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 specific estimates, andadditional agegroupsareavailable from online resources (https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ and http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool). Data processing and analyses were conducted using Py- thon, version 3.7.0 (Python Software Foundation); Stata, ver- sion 15.1 (StataCorp); andR,version3.4.1 (RFoundation). Code is available at https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019/code. Results Global Estimates of Total Cancers and Cancer-Specific Burden in 2019 Across 204 countries and territories, there were 23.6 million (95%UI, 22.2-24.9million) incident cancer cases and 10.0mil- lion (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) deaths in 2019 (Table 1). Ex- cluding NMSC, there were an estimated 17.2 million (95% UI, 15.9-18.5million) incident cancer cases and9.97million (95% CI, 9.31-10.5 million) deaths (Table 1). Globally, cancerswereestimated tocause250million (95% UI, 235-264 million) DALYs in 2019 (eTable 15 in the Supple- ment). Of the total global DALYs, 96.9% (95% UI, 96.0%- 97.7%) came from YLLs, whereas 3.1% (95% UI, 2.3%-4.0%) came from YLDs (eTable 14 and eFigure 4 in the Supple- ment). Among the 22 groups of diseases and injuries in level 2 of theGBD cause hierarchy (Figure 122), total cancerwas the second-highest cause of DALYs, deaths, andYLLs behind car- diovascular diseases (Table 2; eTable 15 in the Supplement). As such, cancer had greater overall and fatal burden globally in 2019 than other major groups of diseases in the GBD, such as maternal and neonatal disorders, musculoskeletal disor- ders, and respiratory infections and tuberculosis (Figure 1). The5 leadingcausesofcancer-relatedDALYs forbothsexes combined (Figure 2), excluding other malignant neoplasms, were tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer, with 18.3% (95%UI, 17.5%-19.1%)of total cancer-relatedDALYs; colonand rectumcancer (CRC),with 9.7% (95%UI, 9.4%-10.0%); stom- ach cancer, with 8.9% (8.6%-9.3%); breast cancer, with 8.2% (7.8%-8.7%); and liver cancer, with 5.0% (4.8%-5.3%). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer were estimated to cause 45.9million (95%UI, 42.3-49.3million) DALYs in 2019; of these, 98.8% (95% UI, 98.5%-99.1%) came from YLLs and just 1.2% (95%UI, 0.9%-1.5%) fromYLDs (eTable 14 and eFig- ure4 in theSupplement). In2019, therewere2.04million (95% UI, 1.88-2.19 million) deaths due to TBL cancer and 2.26 mil- lion (95% UI, 2.07-2.45 million) incident TBL cases (Table 1). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancerwas the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in 58 and 119 countries and territories, respectively, for males (eFigures 5 and 6 in the Supplement), and 1 and 27 countries, respectively, for fe- males (eFigures 7 and 8 in the Supplement). Colonandrectumcancerwereestimated tocause24.3mil- lion (95%UI, 22.6-25.7million)DALYs in2019; of these, 95.6% (95% UI, 94.4%-96.8%) came from YLLs and 4.4% (95% UI, 3.2%-5.6%) fromYLDs (eTable 14 andeFigure4 in the Supple- ment). In 2019, there were 1.09 million (95% UI, 1.00-1.15 million) deaths due to CRC and 2.17 million (95% UI, 2.00- 2.34 million) incident CRC cases (Table 1). Colon and rectum cancerwas the leading cause of cancer incidence andmortal- ity in 1 country and9countries, respectively, for females (eFig- ures 7 and8 in the Supplement) and of cancer incidence for 11 countries in males (eFigure 5 in the Supplement). Stomach cancerwas estimated to cause anestimated22.2 million (95% UI, 20.3-24.1 million) DALYs in 2019; of these, 98.4% (95%UI, 98.0%-98.9%) came fromYLLsand 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1%-2.0%) from YLDs (eTable 14 and eFigure 4 in the Supplement). There were also 957 000 (95% UI, 871 000- 1030000) deaths and 1.27million (95%UI, 1.15-1.40million) incident cases of stomach cancer in 2019 (Table 1). Stomach cancerwas the leading cause of cancer incidence andmortal- ity in 5 and 11 countries, respectively, formales (eFigures 5 and 6 in theSupplement) andof cancermortality in6 countries for females (eFigure 8 in the Supplement). Breast cancer was the leading cause of cancer-related DALYs,deaths, andYLLsamong femalesglobally in2019.Most of the global breast cancer burden occurred for females, with 20.3 million (95% UI, 18.7-21.9 million) of 20.6 million (95% UI, 19.0-22.2million) total breast cancer–relatedDALYs in2019 occurring in females, of which 93.3% (95% UI, 91.1%-95.2%) came from YLLs and 6.7% (95% UI, 4.8%-8.9%) from YLDs (eTable 14andeFigure4 intheSupplement).Likewise,689000 (95% UI, 635 000-740000) of 701 000 (95% UI, 647 000- 752000) breast cancer deaths occurred in females, and 1.98 million (95%UI, 1.81–2.15million)of2.00million (95%UI, 1.83– 2.17 million) incident cases of breast cancer (Table 1). For fe- males, breast cancer was the leading cause of cancer inci- dence in 157 countries and deaths in 119 countries (eFigures 7 and 8 in the Supplement). Liver cancerwas estimated to cause 12.5million (95%UI, 11.4-13.7 million) DALYs in 2019; of these, 99.0% (95% UI, 98.6%-99.3%) came from YLLs and 1.0% (95% UI, 0.7%- 1.4%) from YLDs (eTable 14 and eFigure 4 in the Supple- ment). There were also 485000 (95% UI, 444000-526000) deathsand534000 (95%UI,487000-589000) incident cases of liver cancer in 2019 (Table 1). Liver cancer was the leading cause of cancer incidence andmortality in 6 and 8 countries, respectively, inmales (eFigures5and6 in theSupplement) and 1 and 2 countries, respectively, in females (eFigures 7 and 8 in the Supplement). Sex-specificDALYrankingsdifferedslightly fromthosepre- viously described because of the higher prominence of several sex-specific cancers. Among males, TBL cancer remained the leadingcauseofcancer-relatedDALYsglobally, followedbystom- ach,CRC, liver,andesophagealcancer,withprostatecancersixth (eFigure9intheSupplement).Amongfemales, theleadingcause of cancer-relatedDALYsgloballywasbreast cancer, followedby TBL, CRC, cervical, and stomach cancer, with ovarian cancer sixth (eFigure 10 in the Supplement). Global Trends in Cancer Burden From 2010 to 2019 Globally, the number of new cancer cases increased from 18.7 million (95%UI, 18.0-19.3million) in2010 to23.6million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) in 2019, an increase of 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%).Age-standardized incidencerates remainedgen- erally the same during this period, with a difference of −1.1% (95% UI, −5.8% to 3.5%) and an annualized rate of change of Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 423 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Ta bl e 1. Gl ob al In ci de nc e an d D ea th si n 20 19 fo rT ot al Ca nc er sa nd 29 Ca nc er Gr ou ps Ca nc er ty pe a De at hs ,t ho us an ds (9 5% UI ) AS M R pe r1 00 00 0 (9 5% UI ) In ci de nt ca se s, th ou sa nd s( 95 % UI ) AS IR pe r1 00 00 0 (9 5% UI ) To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l 10 00 0 (9 36 0- 10 60 0) 56 90 (5 25 0- 61 00 ) 43 40 (3 97 0- 46 60 ) 12 4. 7 (1 16 .4 -1 32 .0 ) 15 6. 1 (1 43 .9 -1 67 .2 ) 99 .9 (9 1. 5- 10 7. 3) 23 60 0 (2 2 20 0- 24 90 0) 12 90 0 (1 2 10 0- 13 80 0) 10 60 0 (9 92 0- 11 40 0) 29 0. 5 (2 74 .0 -3 07 .1 ) 34 8. 7 (3 27 .3 -3 70 .8 ) 24 6. 1 (2 29 .8 -2 63 .1 ) Ex cl ud in g N M SC 99 70 (9 31 0- 10 50 0) 56 50 (5 22 0- 6 07 0) 43 10 (3 95 0- 4 64 0) 12 3. 9 (1 15 .7 -1 31 .2 ) 15 5. 1 (1 42 .9 -1 66 .1 ) 99 .4 (9 1. 0- 10 6. 8) 17 20 0 (1 5 90 0- 18 50 0) 92 60 (8 47 0- 10 00 0) 79 60 (7 28 0- 86 10 ) 21 1. 4 (1 95 .4 -2 26 .8 ) 24 5. 9 (2 25 .3 -2 66 .5 ) 18 5. 0 (1 69 .4 -2 00 .2 ) Tr ac he al ,b ro nc hu s, an d lu ng 20 40 (1 88 0- 21 90 ) 13 90 (1 26 0- 15 10 ) 65 7 (5 90 -7 19 ) 25 .2 (2 3. 2- 27 .0 ) 37 .4 (3 4. 1- 40 .7 ) 15 .0 (1 3. 5- 16 .4 ) 22 60 (2 07 0- 24 50 ) 15 20 (1 37 0- 16 80 ) 73 7 (6 58 -8 14 ) 27 .7 (2 5. 3- 30 .0 ) 40 .4 (3 6. 5- 44 .4 ) 16 .8 (1 5. 0- 18 .6 ) Co lo n an d re ct um 10 90 (1 00 0- 11 50 ) 59 4 (5 51 -6 38 ) 49 2 (4 38 -5 32 ) 13 .7 (1 2. 6- 14 .5 ) 16 .6 (1 5. 4- 17 .9 ) 11 .2 (1 0. 0- 12 .2 ) 21 70 (2 00 0- 2 34 0) 12 40 (1 13 0- 13 60 ) 92 6 (8 32 -1 01 0) 26 .7 (2 4. 6- 28 .9 ) 33 .1 (3 0. 2- 36 .2 ) 21 .2 (1 9. 0- 23 .2 ) St om ac h 95 7 (8 71 -1 03 0) 61 2 (5 44 -6 78 ) 34 6 (3 08 -3 82 ) 11 .9 (1 0. 8- 12 .8 ) 16 .6 (1 4. 8- 18 .3 ) 7. 9 (7 .1 -8 .8 ) 12 70 (1 15 0- 14 00 ) 84 7 (7 48 -9 63 ) 42 3 (3 77 -4 67 ) 15 .6 (1 4. 1- 17 .2 ) 22 .4 (1 9. 8- 25 .3 ) 9. 7 (8 .7 -1 0. 7) Br ea st 70 1 (6 47 -7 52 ) 12 .1 (1 0. 7- 13 .3 ) 68 9 (6 35 -7 40 ) 8. 6 (7 .9 -9 .2 ) 0. 3 (0 .3 -0 .4 ) 15 .9 (1 4. 7- 17 .1 ) 20 00 (1 83 0- 21 70 ) 25 .1 (2 2. 2- 27 .8 ) 19 80 (1 81 0- 21 50 ) 24 .2 (2 2. 1- 26 .2 ) 0. 7( 0. 6- 0. 7) 45 .9 (4 1. 9- 49 .8 ) Pa nc re at ic 53 1 (4 92 -5 67 ) 27 8 (2 58 -2 99 ) 25 3 (2 26 -2 74 ) 6. 6 (6 .1 -7 .1 ) 7. 5 (7 .0 -8 .1 ) 5. 8 (5 .1 -6 .2 ) 53 0 (4 86 -5 74 ) 28 0 (2 56 -3 03 ) 25 0 (2 24 -2 75 ) 6. 6 (6 .0 -7 .1 ) 7. 5 (6 .8 -8 .1 ) 5. 7 (5 .1 -6 .3 ) Es op ha ge al 49 8 (4 38 -5 51 ) 36 6 (3 15 -4 15 ) 13 3 (1 10 -1 50 ) 6. 1 (5 .4 -6 .8 ) 9. 7 (8 .3 -1 1. 0) 3. 0 (2 .5 -3 .4 ) 53 5 (4 67 -5 95 ) 38 9 (3 36 -4 44 ) 14 6 (1 20 -1 65 ) 6. 5 (5 .7 -7 .2 ) 10 .1 (8 .7 -1 1. 6) 3. 3 (2 .7 -3 .8 ) Pr os ta te 48 7 (4 20 -5 94 ) 48 7 (4 20 -5 94 ) N A 6. 3 (5 .4 -7 .7 ) 15 .3 (1 3. 0- 18 .6 ) N A 14 10 (1 23 0- 18 30 ) 14 10 (1 23 0- 18 30 ) N A 17 .4 (1 5. 1- 22 .5 ) 38 .6 (3 3. 6- 49 .8 ) N A Li ve r 48 5 (4 44 -5 26 ) 33 4 (3 00 -3 68 ) 15 1 (1 34 -1 67 ) 5. 9 (5 .4 -6 .4 ) 8. 7 (7 .9 -9 .6 ) 3. 5 (3 .1 -3 .8 ) 53 4 (4 87 -5 89 ) 37 6 (3 35 -4 22 ) 15 8 (1 40 -1 76 ) 6. 5 (5 .9 -7 .2 ) 9. 7 (8 .7 -1 0. 8) 3. 6 (3 .2 -4 .0 ) O th er m al ig na nt ne op la sm s 40 8 (3 55 -4 44 ) 22 0 (1 80 -2 49 ) 18 8 (1 69 -2 04 ) 5. 1 (4 .5 -5 .6 ) 5. 9 (4 .8 -6 .7 ) 4. 5 (4 .0 -4 .8 ) 83 1 (7 41 -9 06 ) 45 1 (3 81 -5 04 ) 38 1 (3 47 -4 15 ) 10 .4 (9 .3 -1 1. 4) 11 .9 (1 0. 0- 13 .3 ) 9. 2 (8 .4 -1 0. 1) Le uk em ia 33 5 (3 07 -3 60 ) 18 8 (1 65 -2 08 ) 14 6 (1 32 -1 58 ) 4. 3 (3 .9 -4 .6 ) 5. 2 (4 .6 -5 .7 ) 3. 5 (3 .2 -3 .8 ) 64 4 (5 87 -7 00 ) 35 1 (3 08 -3 90 ) 29 3 (2 63 -3 22 ) 8. 2 (7 .5 -8 .9 ) 9. 4 (8 .3 -1 0. 5) 7. 2 (6 .5 -8 .0 ) Ce rv ic al 28 0 (2 39 -3 14 ) N A 28 0 (2 39 -3 14 ) 3. 4 (2 .9 -3 .8 ) N A 6. 5 (5 .5 -7 .3 ) 56 6 (4 82 -6 36 ) N A 56 6 (4 82 -6 36 ) 6. 8 (5 .8 -7 .7 ) N A 13 .4 (1 1. 4- 15 .0 ) N on -H od gk in ly m ph om a 25 5 (2 38 -2 70 ) 14 6 (1 36 -1 55 ) 10 9 (9 8. 9- 11 7) 3. 2 (3 .0 -3 .4 ) 4. 0 (3 .7 -4 .2 ) 2. 5 (2 .3 -2 .7 ) 45 7 (4 17 -4 99 ) 26 6 (2 41 -2 91 ) 19 1 (1 69 -2 11 ) 5. 7 (5 .2 -6 .3 ) 7. 2 (6 .5 -7 .9 ) 4. 5 (4 .0 -4 .9 ) Br ai n an d ce nt ra l ne rv ou ss ys te m 24 6 (1 86 -2 71 ) 13 9 (9 9. 6- 15 7) 10 8 (7 6. 4- 12 2) 3. 0 (2 .3 -3 .4 ) 3. 6 (2 .6 -4 .1 ) 2. 6 (1 .8 -2 .9 ) 34 8 (2 62 -3 89 ) 18 7 (1 35 -2 15 ) 16 1 (1 14 -1 84 ) 4. 3 (3 .3 -4 .9 ) 4. 8 (3 .5 -5 .6 ) 3. 9 (2 .8 -4 .5 ) Bl ad de r 22 9 (2 11 -2 43 ) 16 9 (1 57 -1 81 ) 59 .5 (5 2. 3- 64 .6 ) 2. 9 (2 .7 -3 .1 ) 5. 1 (4 .7 -5 .4 ) 1. 4 (1 .2 -1 .5 ) 52 4 (4 76 -5 69 ) 40 8 (3 71 -4 44 ) 11 6 (1 04 -1 28 ) 6. 5 (5 .9 -7 .1 ) 11 .3 (1 0. 2- 12 .3 ) 2. 7 (2 .4 -2 .9 ) Li p an d or al ca vi ty 19 9 (1 82 -2 18 ) 13 2 (1 18 -1 45 ) 67 .8 (6 0. 8- 75 .7 ) 2. 4 (2 .2 -2 .7 ) 3. 4 (3 .1 -3 .8 ) 1. 6 (1 .4 -1 .7 ) 37 3 (3 41 -4 04 ) 24 3 (2 19 -2 68 ) 13 0 (1 17 -1 43 ) 4. 5 (4 .1 -4 .9 ) 6. 2 (5 .6 -6 .8 ) 3. 0 (2 .7 -3 .3 ) O va ria n 19 8 (1 75 -2 18 ) N A 19 8 (1 75 -2 18 ) 2. 4 (2 .1 -2 .7 ) N A 4. 6 (4 .0 -5 .0 ) 29 4 (2 61 -3 30 ) N A 29 4 (2 61 -3 30 ) 3. 9 (3 .2 -4 .0 ) N A 6. 9 (6 .1 -7 .7 ) Ga llb la dd er an d bi lia ry tr ac t 17 2 (1 45 -1 89 ) 73 .0 (5 9. 5- 80 .4 ) 99 .5 (8 1. 7- 11 4. 0) 2. 2 (1 .8 -2 .4 ) 2. 1 (1 .7 -2 .3 ) 2. 3 (1 .9 -2 .6 ) 19 9 (1 67 -2 20 ) 86 .4 (6 9. 4- 95 .9 ) 11 3 (9 1. 6- 13 0) 2. 5 (2 .1 -2 .7 ) 2. 4 (1 .9 -2 .7 ) 2. 6 (2 .1 -3 .0 ) Ki dn ey 16 6 (1 55 -1 76 ) 10 9 (1 01 -1 16 ) 57 .7 (5 2. 2- 61 .9 ) 2. 1 (1 .9 -2 .2 ) 3. 0 (2 .8 -3 .2 ) 1. 3 (1 .2 -1 .4 ) 37 2 (3 45 -4 02 ) 24 1 (2 21 -2 62 ) 13 1 (1 20 -1 42 ) 4. 6 (4 .2 -4 .9 ) 6. 2 (5 .7 -6 .8 ) 3. 1 (2 .8 -3 .3 ) La ry nx 12 3 (1 15 -1 33 ) 10 6 (9 7. 8- 11 5) 17 .8 (1 6. 2- 19 .7 ) 1. 5 (1 .4 -1 .6 ) 2. 7 (2 .5 -3 .0 ) 0. 4 (0 .4 -0 .5 ) 20 9 (1 94 -2 25 ) 18 1 (1 66 -1 96 ) 28 .5 (2 6. 1- 31 .3 ) 2. 5 (2 .3 -2 .7 ) 4. 6 (4 .2 -5 .0 ) 0. 7 (0 .6 -0 .7 ) (c on tin ue d) Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 424 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Ta bl e 1. Gl ob al In ci de nc e an d D ea th si n 20 19 fo rT ot al Ca nc er sa nd 29 Ca nc er Gr ou ps (c on tin ue d) Ca nc er ty pe a De at hs ,t ho us an ds (9 5% UI ) AS M R pe r1 00 00 0 (9 5% UI ) In ci de nt ca se s, th ou sa nd s( 95 % UI ) AS IR pe r1 00 00 0 (9 5% UI ) To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l M al e Fe m al e To ta l M al e Fe m al e O th er ph ar yn x 11 4 (1 03 -1 26 ) 88 .0 (7 8. 0- 98 .7 ) 26 .2 (2 2. 5- 30 .5 ) 1. 4 (1 .2 -1 .5 ) 2. 2 (2 .0 -2 .5 ) 0. 6 (0 .5 -0 .7 ) 16 7 (1 53 -1 80 ) 12 9 (1 16 -1 42 ) 37 .6 (3 3. 1- 42 .3 ) 2. 0 (1 .8 -2 .2 ) 3. 2 (2 .9 -3 .5 ) 0. 9 (0 .8 -1 .0 ) M ul tip le m ye lo m a 11 3 (9 9. 5- 12 2) 60 .4 (5 0. 7- 67 .1 ) 53 .0 (4 5. 1- 58 .3 ) 1. 4 (1 .2 -1 .5 ) 1. 7 (1 .4 -1 .8 ) 1. 2 (1 .0 -1 .3 ) 15 6 (1 37 -1 73 ) 84 .5 (7 0. 9- 94 .9 ) 71 .2 (6 0. 3- 80 .1 ) 1. 9 (1 .7 -2 .1 ) 2. 3 (1 .9 -2 .6 ) 1. 6 (1 .4 -1 .8 ) Ut er in e 91 .6 (8 2. 4- 10 1. 5) N A 91 .6 (8 2. 4- 10 1. 5) 1. 1 (1 .0 -1 .3 ) N A 2. 1 (1 .9 -2 .3 ) 43 5 (3 97 -4 80 ) N A 43 5 (3 97 -4 80 ) 5. 2 (4 .8 -5 .7 ) N A 10 .0 (9 .1 -1 1. 0) N as op ha ry nx 71 .6 (6 5. 4- 77 .6 ) 51 .2 (4 6. 0- 57 .0 ) 20 .4 (1 8. 2- 22 .8 ) 0. 9 (0 .8 -0 .9 ) 1. 3 (1 .2 -1 .4 ) 0. 5 (0 .4 -0 .5 ) 17 7 (1 56 -2 00 ) 12 7 (1 08 -1 49 ) 49 .2 (4 2. 6- 57 .0 ) 2. 1 (1 .9 -2 .4 ) 3. 1 (2 .7 -3 .7 ) 1. 2 (1 .0 -1 .3 ) M al ig na nt sk in m el an om a 62 .8 (4 6. 3- 71 .0 ) 35 .4 (2 2. 0- 42 .7 ) 27 .4 (1 9. 0- 31 .9 ) 0. 8 (0 .6 -0 .9 ) 1. 0 (0 .6 -1 .2 ) 0. 6 (0 .4 -0 .7 ) 29 0 (2 14 -3 42 ) 15 3 (8 9. 8- 19 3) 13 7 (9 2. 7- 16 7) 3. 6 (2 .6 -4 .2 ) 4. 0 (2 .3 -5 .1 ) 3. 2 (2 .2 -3 .9 ) N on m el an om a sk in 56 .1 (5 0. 4- 59 .8 ) 33 .2 (3 0. 3- 35 .6 ) 22 .8 (1 9. 3- 25 .2 ) 0. 7 (0 .7 -0 .8 ) 1. 0 (0 .9 -1 .1 ) 0. 5 (0 .4 -0 .6 ) 63 50 (5 81 0- 69 50 ) 36 80 (3 35 0- 40 60 ) 26 70 (2 43 0- 29 10 ) 79 .1 (7 2. 3- 86 .6 ) 10 2. 8 (9 3. 9- 11 2. 9) 61 .1 (5 5. 8- 66 .7 ) Th yr oi d 45 .6 (4 1. 3- 48 .8 ) 18 .6 (1 6. 8- 20 .2 ) 26 .9 (2 3. 7- 29 .3 ) 0. 6 (0 .5 -0 .6 ) 0. 5 (0 .5 -0 .6 ) 0. 6 (0 .5 -0 .7 ) 23 4 (2 12 -2 53 ) 76 .0 (6 8. 2- 82 .9 ) 15 8 (1 40 -1 73 ) 2. 8 (2 .6 -3 .1 ) 1. 9 (1 .7 -2 .1 ) 3. 7 (3 .3 -4 .1 ) M es ot he lio m a 29 .3 (2 6. 7- 31 .0 ) 21 .2 (2 0. 0- 22 .5 ) 8. 03 (5 .8 8- 8. 92 ) 0. 4 (0 .3 -0 .4 ) 0. 6 (0 .6 -0 .6 ) 0. 2 (0 .1 -0 .2 ) 34 .5 (3 1. 2- 37 .8 ) 25 .2 (2 2. 9- 27 .6 ) 9. 34 (6 .8 4- 10 .7 ) 0. 4 (0 .4 -0 .5 ) 0. 7 (0 .6 -0 .8 ) 0. 2 (0 .2 -0 .2 ) H od gk in ly m ph om a 27 .6 (2 3. 7- 31 .8 ) 17 .2 (1 3. 9- 21 .0 ) 10 .4 (8 .2 3- 12 .6 ) 0. 3 (0 .3 -0 .4 ) 0. 4 (0 .4 -0 .5 ) 0. 3 (0 .2 -0 .3 ) 87 .5 (7 7. 9- 10 1. 4) 51 .3 (4 3. 6- 58 .7 ) 36 .2 (3 0. 2- 46 .1 ) 1. 1 (1 .0 -1 .3 ) 1. 3 (1 .1 -1 .5 ) 0. 9 (0 .7 -1 .1 ) Te st ic ul ar 10 .8 (9 .9 6- 11 .9 ) 10 .8 (9 .9 6- 11 .9 ) N A 0. 1 (0 .1 -0 .2 ) 0. 3 (0 .3 -0 .3 ) N A 10 9. 3 (9 3. 4- 12 9. 5) 10 9. 3 (9 3. 4- 12 9. 5) N A 1. 4 (1 .2 -1 .7 ) 2. 8 (2 .4 -3 .3 ) N A Ab br ev ia tio ns :A SI R, ag e- st an da rd iz ed in ci de nc e ra te ;A SM R, ag e- st an da rd iz ed m or ta lit y ra te ;N A, no ta pp lic ab le ; N M SC ,n on m el an om a sk in ca nc er ;U I, un ce rt ai nt y in te rv al . a Ro w sa re or de re d by de cr ea sin g nu m be ro ft ot al de at hs .C an ce rg ro up sa re de fin ed ba se d on In te rn at io na l Cl as sif ica tio n of Di se as es ,N in th Re vi sio n (IC D- 9) an d In te rn at io na lC la ss ifi ca tio n of Di se as es an d Re la te d H ea lth Pr ob le m s, Te nt h Re vi sio n (IC D- 10 )c od es an d in cl ud e al lc od es pe rt ai ni ng to m al ig na nt ne op la sm s( IC D- 9 co de s 14 0 -2 0 8 an d IC D- 10 co de sC 0 0 -C 96 )e xc ep tf or Ka po si sa rc om a (C 46 ;e Ap pe nd ix in th e Su pp le m en t) .e Ta bl es 3 an d 4 in th e Su pp le m en td et ai lh ow th e or ig in al IC D co de sw er e m ap pe d to th e Gl ob al Bu rd en of D ise as e ca nc er ca us e lis t. Vi su al co m pa ris on so fc an ce r-s pe ci fic in ci de nc e an d m or ta lit y ar e pr ov id ed in eF ig ur es 14 an d 15 in th e Su pp le m en t. D et ai le d re su lts fo ri nc id en ce an d m or ta lit y by So ci od em og ra ph ic In de x qu in til e, re gi on ,a nd co un tr y ca n be ac ce ss ed in eT ab le s1 6 an d 17 in th e Su pp le m en ta nd at ht tp s: //v iz hu b. he al th da ta .o rg /g bd -c om pa re /. Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 425 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 −0.1% (95% UI, −0.7% to 0.4%). Excluding NMSC, the num- ber of incident cases increased from13.8million (95%UI, 13.3- 14.3 million) in 2010 to 17.2 million (95% UI, 15.9-18.5 mil- lion) in 2019, a 24.6% (95% UI, 16.8%-32.6%) increase, while the age-standardized incidence rates remained the samedur- ing this period, with a difference of −1.6% (95% UI, −7.7% to 4.6%) and an annualized rate of change of −0.2% (95% UI, −0.9% to 0.5%). Similarly, the number of global total cancer deaths in- creased by 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) from 8.29 million (95% UI, 7.89-8.57 million) in 2010 to 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) in 2019. Cancer deaths also increased as a proportionof total deathsof all causes, rising from15.7% (95% UI, 15.0%-16.2%) in 2010 to 17.7% (95% UI, 16.8%-18.4%) in 2019. By contrast, age-standardized mortality rates declined by −5.9% (95% UI, −11.0% to −0.9%) during this 10-year pe- riod,withanannualizedrateofchangeof−0.7%(95%UI,−1.3% to −0.1%). During this decade, the absolute number of global cancer-related DALYs increased by 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%- 22.8%) from 216million (95%UI, 208-223million) in 2010 to 250 million (95% UI, 235-264 million) in 2019. The propor- tion of estimated total global DALYs that were due to cancer increased from8.4% (95%UI, 7.7%-9.0%) of total DALYs from all causes in 2010 to9.9% (95%UI, 8.9%-10.9%) in 2019.Ade- cline is also evident in the age-standardized rates, as age- standardized cancer-related DALYs rates decreased by −6.6% (95% UI, −11.9% to −1.1%) during this period. Location-specific annualized rates of change in age- standardizedmortality and incidence rates from2010 to 2019 for total cancers, excluding NMSC, varied by location. During this period, age-standardizedmortality rates decreased in 131 of 204 countries and territories (64.2%; Figure 3), and age- standardized incidence rates decreased in 75 of 204 coun- tries and territories (36.8%; Figure 4). Trends during the last decade varied by type of cancer, including several shifts in cancer group rankings by absolute DALYs (Figure 2). For example, CRC and liver cancer rose from the third and seventh leading causes of cancer-related DALYs in 2010 to second and fifth in 2019 because of large increases in the number of DALYs and small decreases in age- standardized DALY rates. In contrast, stomach cancer and leukemia dropped from second and fifth to third and seventh during the same period because of large decreases in age- standardized DALY rates and minimal changes in the number of DALYs (Figure 2). Cancer Burden by SDI CancerburdenvariedconsiderablyacrossSDIquintiles in2019 levels and rankings (Table 2 and Figure 4) and trends during the 2010 to 2019 study period (Figure 5; eTables 16 and 17 in the Supplement). The following results exclude NMSC. InthehighSDIquintile in2019, therewere50.9million(95% UI, 48.1-52.9million) DALYs estimated to be caused by cancer, ofwhich94.5%(95%UI,93.1%-95.9%)werefromYLLsand5.5% (95%UI, 4.1%-6.9%) from YLDs. Themost cases and the high- est age-standardized incidence rateswere in thehighSDI quin- tile (Table 2; Figure 5). Compared with GBD level 2 groups of diseases and injuries, cancerwas the leading causeofYLLs and DALYsinthehighSDIquintileandwastheleadingorsecondlead- ing cause of deaths by age-standardized rate or absolute num- ber, respectively. Inthehigh-middleSDIquintile, therewere63.5 million(95%UI,58.6-68.2million)DALYsestimatedtobecaused Figure 1. Ranking of Total CancerAbsoluteDisability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in 2019Among the 22 Level 2 Categories ofDisease in theGlobal BurdenofDisease (GBD) StudybyQuintile of Sociodemographic Index (SDI) GBD level 2 cause of disease or injury Cardiovascular diseases Total cancers (excluding NMSC) Maternal and neonatal disorders Other noncommunicable diseases Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Musculoskeletal disorders Mental disorders Diabetes and kidney diseases Unintentional injuries Chronic respiratory diseases Neurological disorders Enteric infections Digestive diseases Transport injuries Self-harm and interpersonal violence Sense organ diseases Neglected tropical diseases and malaria HIV/AIDS and sexually trasmitted infections Other infectious diseases Nutritional deficiencies Skin and subcutaneous diseases Substance use disorders 393 (368-417) 249 (234-263) 199 (172-232) 153 (124-187) 153 (137-172) 150 (109-198) 125 (93.0-163.0) 113 (99.3-128.0) 104 (88.9-120.0) 104 (94.8-112.0) 97.7 (55.9-159.0) 96.8 (79.2-120) 89.0 (81.4-97.6) 77.6 (69.2-85.5) 67.9 (63.4-72.9) 66.1 (45.1-93.0) 62.9 (38.6-96.0) 56.2 (48.4-67.0) 51.4 (40.7-66.0) 49.8 (36.9-65.8) 42.9 (28.6-63.4) 35.1 (28.2-43.0) Absolute DALYs, millions (95% UI) Global ranking Low SDI ranking Low- middle SDI ranking Middle SDI ranking High- middle SDI ranking High SDI ranking 6 10 1 5 2 18 11 17 12 16 19 3 13 15 14 20 4 8 7 9 21 22 1 4 2 5 3 9 8 11 10 7 14 6 12 13 15 19 18 17 20 16 21 22 1 2 7 5 9 3 6 4 11 8 10 18 13 12 15 14 20 16 22 19 17 21 1 2 15 5 14 3 4 8 7 9 6 20 10 12 13 11 22 19 21 18 17 16 2 1 17 6 16 3 4 7 8 9 5 19 11 15 13 12 22 20 21 18 14 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total cancers excludes nonmelanoma skin cancer. The GBD study organized diseases and injuries into a hierarchy that was mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive. More details of this hierarchy were previously published.22 Colors represent the ranking of the cause within a given location group (eg, high SDI quintile) from red (highest ranking) to green (lowest ranking). The other noncommunicable diseases include congenital birth defects; urinary diseases andmale infertility; gynecological diseases; hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias; endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders; oral disorders; and sudden infant death syndrome. The other infectious diseases includemeningitis; encephalitis; diphtheria; whooping cough; tetanus; measles; varicella and herpes zoster; acute hepatitis; and other unspecified infectious diseases. NMSC indicates nonmelanoma skin cancer; UI, uncertainty interval. Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 426 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 bycancer,ofwhich96.7%(95%UI,95.7%-97.6%)werefromYLLs and3.3%(95%UI,2.4%-4.3%) fromYLDs.Thehigh-middleSDI had the highest age-standardized rates of deaths and DALYs of all SDI quintiles and the second highest age-standardized inci- dence rate (Table 2; Figure 5). ThemiddleSDIquintilehad thehighestnumberof cancer- relatedDALYsanddeathsof anySDIquintile in2019,with 76.3 million (95%UI,69.7-83.2million)DALYsand2.88million (95% UI,2.62-3.15million)deaths (Table2,Figure5).Of theSDIquin- tiles, the middle SDI quintile had the largest total population (eAppendix in the Supplement). For DALYs, 97.6% (95% UI, 96.8%-98.3%) came fromYLLs and2.4% (95%UI, 1.7%-3.2%) fromYLDs. In the low-middleSDIquintile, therewere40.2mil- lion (95%UI, 36.8-43.7million)DALYs estimated to be caused bycancer in2019;of these,98.2%(95%UI,97.7%-98.7%)were from YLLs and 1.8% (95% UI, 1.3%-2.3%) from YLDs. In the low SDI quintile, there were 18.0 million (95% UI, 15.9-20.2 million) DALYs estimated to be caused by cancer in 2019; of these, 98.6% (95%UI, 98.1%-98.9%)were fromYLLs and 1.4% (95% UI, 1.1%-1.9%) from YLDs. The low SDI quin- tilehad the lowestnumbers andage-standardized ratesof can- cercasesanddeaths (Table2;Figure5). Incontrast to thehigher rankings in other quintiles, cancerwas the fifth leading cause of death in the low SDI quintile in 2019, ninth for YLLs, and tenth for DALYs. Alongside these differences, some patterns held across most SDI quintiles. In 2019, TBL cancer had the highest num- ber of cancer deaths and DALYs in both sexes combined in all but the low SDI quintile, in which it was breast cancer (eFig- ure 11 in the Supplement). Excluding NMSC, the most inci- dent cases occurred for CRC in the high SDI quintile, TBL in the high-middle and middle SDI quintiles, and breast cancer in the low-middle and low SDI quintiles (eFigure 12 in the Supplement). While in 2019 the largest absolute numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the middle to high SDI quintiles, from 2010 to 2019, the largest increasing annualized rates of change in the absolute numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low-middle SDI quintile and then the low SDI quintile (Figure 5; eTables 16 and 17 in the Supplement). Changes in age-standardized rates from 2010 to 2019 also varied by SDI quintile. For mortality, age-standardized rates increased from 2010 to 2019 in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles but decreased in the middle to high SDI quintiles. For incidence, age-standardized rates increased during this period for the low to middle SDI quintiles but decreased in the high-middle and high SDI quintiles, with the largest decrease in the high SDI quintile. While there was substantial heterogeneity between countries and territories within the same SDI quin- tile, country-specific estimates showed similar overall trends between SDI and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (eFigure 13 in the Supplement). Discussion The results of this systematic analysis demonstrate the sub- stantial and growing global burdenof cancer,with patterns ofTa bl e 2. Gl ob al Ca nc er Es tim at es in 20 19 an d Ra nk in g Am on g 22 Le ve l2 Ca te go rie so fD is ea se sa nd In ju rie si n th e Gl ob al Bu rd en of D is ea se St ud y O ve ra ll an d by Q ui nt ile of So ci od em og ra ph ic In de x Lo ca tio na DA LY s De at hs YL Ls In ci de nt ca se s YL Ds N o. m ill io ns (9 5% UI ) Ca nc er ra nk N o. m ill io ns (9 5% UI ) Ca nc er ra nk N o. m ill io ns (9 5% UI ) Ca nc er ra nk N o. m ill io ns (9 5% UI ) Ca nc er ra nk N o. m ill io ns (9 5% UI ) Ca nc er ra nk Gl ob al 24 9. 0 (2 33 .6 -2 63 .2 ) 2 9. 97 (9 .3 1- 10 .5 ) 2 24 1. 3 (2 26 .5 -2 55 .3 ) 2 17 .2 (1 5. 9- 18 .5 ) 21 7. 72 (5 .6 8- 9. 96 ) 20 SD I Lo w 18 .0 (1 5. 9- 20 .2 ) 10 0. 54 (0 .4 8- 0. 60 ) 5 17 .7 (1 5. 7- 19 .8 ) 9 0. 68 (0 .6 0- 0. 76 ) 21 0. 26 (0 .1 8- 0. 34 ) 22 Lo w -m id dl e 40 .2 (3 6. 8- 43 .7 ) 4 1. 37 (1 .2 6- 1. 49 ) 2 39 .5 (3 6. 1- 43 .0 ) 4 1. 81 (1 .6 7- 1. 96 ) 21 0. 70 (0 .5 2- 0. 92 ) 22 M id dl e 76 .3 (6 9. 7- 83 .2 ) 2 2. 88 (2 .6 2- 3. 15 ) 2 74 .5 (6 8. 0- 81 .4 ) 2 4. 47 (4 .0 5- 4. 89 ) 21 1. 85 (1 .3 6- 2. 44 ) 20 H ig h- m id dl e 63 .5 (5 8. 6- 68 .2 ) 2 2. 65 (2 .4 2- 2. 85 ) 2 61 .4 (5 6. 6- 66 .0 ) 2 4. 69 (4 .2 9- 5. 09 ) 21 2. 11 (1 .5 4- 2. 75 ) 16 H ig h 50 .9 (4 8. 1- 52 .9 ) 1 2. 53 (2 .3 1- 2. 64 ) 2 48 .1 (4 5. 5- 49 .7 ) 1 5. 56 (5 .0 2- 6. 09 ) 19 2. 79 (2 .0 3- 3. 61 ) 12 Ab br ev ia tio ns :D AL Ys ,d isa bi lit y- ad ju st ed lif e ye ar s; SD I, So ci od em og ra ph ic In de x; U I, un ce rt ai nt y in te rv al ; YL D s, ye ar sl iv ed w ith di sa bi lit y; YL Ls ,y ea rs of lif e lo st . a To ta ln um be rs an d ra nk in gs ex cl ud e no nm el an om a sk in ca nc er .A lle st im at es re fe rt o es tim at es in 20 19 .R an k re fe rs to th e re la tiv e ra nk in g of th e to ta lc an ce re st im at e fo ra gi ve n m ea su re (e g, DA LY s) an d SD Iq ui nt ile (e g, hi gh SD I) co m pa re d am on g th e 22 le ve l2 ca te go rie so fd ise as es an d in ju rie si n th e Gl ob al Bu rd en of D ise as e St ud y 20 19 .M or e de ta ils on SD Iq ui nt ile s, in cl ud in g po pu la tio n, ar e in th e eA pp en di x in th e Su pp le m en t. A ve rs io n of th is ta bl e us in g ag e- st an da rd iz ed ra te si sp ro vi de d in eT ab le 18 in th e Su pp le m en t. Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 427 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Figure 2. Cancer Group Rankings by Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in 2019 and Percentage Change From 2010 to 2019 Cancer Rank, 2010 Rank, 2019 Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Leukemia Pancreatic cancer Cervical cancer Brain and central nervous system cancer Prostate cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Lip and oral cavity cancer Ovarian cancer Bladder cancer Kidney cancer Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer Larynx cancer Other pharynx cancer Multiple myeloma Nasopharynx cancer Uterine cancer Malignant skin melanoma Thyroid cancer Nonmelanoma skin cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Mesothelioma Testicular cancer Colon and rectum cancer Stomach cancer Breast cancer Liver cancer Esophageal cancer Absolute DALYs in 2019, millions (95% UI) 11.7 (10.5 to 12.7) 11.5 (10.8 to 12.3) 8.96 (7.75 to 9.98) 8.66 (6.72 to 9.57) 8.64 (7.55 to 10.6) 6.99 (6.57 to 7.45) 5.51 (5.00 to 6.03) 5.36 (4.69 to 5.95) 4.39 (4.09 to 4.70) 4.05 (3.80 to 4.32) 3.62 (3.10 to 3.97) 3.26 (3.03 to 3.51) 3.23 (2.90 to 3.57) 2.50 (2.19 to 2.72) 2.34 (2.14 to 2.54) 2.33 (2.09 to 2.56) 1.71 (1.30 to 2.00) 1.23 (1.11 to 1.33) 1.18 (1.09 to 1.26) 1.15 (0.98 to 1.32) 0.67 (0.61 to 0.72) 0.56 (0.51 to 0.63) 24.3 (22.6 to 25.7) 45.9 (42.3 to 49.3) 22.2 (20.3 to 24.1) 20.6 (19.0 to 22.2) 12.5 (11.4 to 13.7) 11.7 (10.4 to 12.9) Percentage change in absolute DALYs, 2010-2019 (95% UI) 0.8 (–7.4 to 9.6) 32.9 (25.3 to 40.1) 14.6 (5.0 to 25.0) 11.6 (–1.3 to 20.8) 26.2 (20.4 to 32.8) 18.2 (12.3 to 24.9) 22.3 (11.9 to 33.6) 27.5 (16.3 to 37.7) 21.6 (15.0 to 28.9) 21.1 (14.8 to 27.8) 17.4 (9.4 to 26.6) 14.3 (6.6 to 22.4) 26.4 (14.1 to 39.8) 26.3 (18.2 to 32.8) 12.7 (2.7 to 23.1) 11.6 (3.5 to 26.1) 12.2 (6.1 to 18.7) 17.8 (10.9 to 24.5) 24.3 (17.5 to 31.4) 2.3 (–3.6 to 8.5) 14.7 (9.8 to 19.7) 14.7 (6.3 to 23.7) 23.2 (16.3 to 30.2) 18.1 (8.9 to 28.0) –0.5 (–9.3 to 9.2) 21.3 (13.2 to 29.5) 20.9 (9.4 to 33.0) 6.1 (–5.7 to 22.2) Age-standardized DALY rate in 2019, per 100 000 (95% UI) 150.5 (135.7 to 164.1) 139.6 (130.2 to 149.1) 107.2 (90.5 to 119.4) 109.0 (84.6 to 120.9) 107.9 (94.0 to 131.7) 86.5 (81.3 to 92.3) 66.1 (60.1 to 72.3) 64.3 (56.4 to 71.5) 54.2 (50.4 to 58.0) 49.6 (46.5 to 52.9) 44.0 (37.6 to 48.2) 38.8 (36.1 to 41.8) 38.4 (34.5 to 42.4) 30.3 (26.6 to 32.9) 28.0 (25.7 to 30.4) 28.0 (25.1 to 30.8) 20.8 (15.8 to 24.3) 15.0 (13.6 to 16.1) 14.7 (13.4 to 15.7) 14.4 (12.3 to 16.7) 8.1 (7.4 to 8.7) 7.1 (6.5 to 8.0) 295.5 (275.2 to 313.0) 551.6 (509.0 to 593.1) 268.4 (245.5 to 290.6) 247.6 (228.7 to 266.1) 151.1 (137.5 to 164.8) 139.8 (124.4 to 155.0) Percentage change in age-standardized DALY rate, 2010-2019 (95% UI) –11.9 (–18.9 to –4.3) 4.1 (–1.8 to 9.7) – –4.8 (–12.7 to 3.7) –4.0 (–15.0 to 4.1) –3.8 (–8.2 to 1.2) –2.3 (–7.1 to 3.3) –1.0 (–9.4 to 8.1) 2.6 (–6.4 to 10.7) –5.8 (–10.8 to –0.2) –2.9 (–8.0 to 2.6) –8.2 (–14.4 to –1.0) –9.3 (–15.3 to –2.9) 1.8 (–8.1 to 12.4) –1.3 (–7.7 to 3.8) –6.5 (–14.8 to 2.1) –11.8 (–18.1 to –1.0) –8.5 (–13.2 to –2.9) –4.3 (–9.8 to 1.3) –2.6 (–7.8 to 2.8) –9.6 (–14.8 to –3.8) –8.6 (–12.5 to –4.8) 4.3 (–3.2 to 12.6) –2.7 (–8.1 to 2.8) –7.3 (–14.6 to 0.4) –20.8 (–27.7 to –13.3) –1.3 (–7.8 to 5.4) –2.4 (–11.6 to 7.1) –16.5 (–25.6 to –3.6) Rankings are by absolute DALYs and exclude the other malignant neoplasms cancer group. Cancers are ordered by rank in 2019, with lines connecting to their rank in 2010. Absolute DALYs and age-standardized DALY rates for 2010 can be found online at https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/. Colors refer to the directional change in cancer rank from 2010 to 2019: red signifies an increase in rank, blue signifies no change in rank, and green signifies a decrease in rank. UI indicates uncertainty interval. Figure 3. Annualized Rate of Change in Age-Standardized Total Cancer Incidence Rate From 2010 to 2019 in Both Sexes Caribbean and Central America Persian Gulf The Balkans Southeast Asia West Africa Eastern Mediterranean Northern Europe –0.9 to 0 (67) 0.1 to 1.0 (98) 1.1 to 2.0 (27) >2.0 (4) ≤–1.0 (8) Annualized rate of change, % (No. of locations) Total cancer excludes nonmelanoma skin cancers. Annualized rate of change from 2010 to 2019 represents the average percentage change per year during this period, with negative values indicating decreasing incidence rates and positive values indicating increasing incidence rates. There were several geographic locations where estimates were not available (eg, Western Sahara and French Guiana), as they were not modeled locations in the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 428 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 burdendifferingbySDIquintile. In2019, cancer-relatedDALYs were second only to cardiovascular diseases in their contri- bution to global disease burden, and in the high SDI quintile, cancer overtook cardiovascular disease to become the lead- ing cause of DALYs. Between 2010 and 2019, the number of new global cancer cases and deaths increased by 26.3% and 20.9%, respectively. However, the largest percentage in- creases in cancer incidence and mortality during the last de- cade occurred in the lower SDI quintiles, likely reflecting on- going epidemiologic transitions, demographic shifts, and Figure 4. Annualized Rate of Change in Age-Standardized Total CancerMortality Rate From 2010 to 2019 in Both Sexes Caribbean and Central America Persian Gulf The Balkans Southeast Asia West Africa Eastern Mediterranean Northern Europe –0.9 to 0 (101) 0.1 to 1.0 (63) 1.1 to 2.0 (9) >2.0 (1) ≤–1.0 (30) Annualized rate of change, % (No. of locations) Total cancer excludes nonmelanoma skin cancers. Annualized rate of change from 2010 to 2019 represents themean percentage change per year during this period, with negative values indicating decreasing mortality rates and positive values indicating increasing mortality rates. There were several geographic locations where estimates were not available (eg, Western Sahara and French Guiana) as they were not modeled locations in the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Figure 5. Total Cancer Incidence andMortality Age-Standardized Rates and Absolute Counts in 2019 and Annualized Rate of Change for Incidence andMortality in Age-Standardized Rates and Absolute Counts From 2010 to 2019 by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) Quintile 400 300 200 100 0 Ag e- st an da rd iz ed ra te , p er 1 00 0 00 Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in 2019A Low SDI Low-middle SDI Middle SDI High-middle SDI High SDI 7 000 000 4 000 000 5 000 000 6 000 000 3 000 000 2 000 000 1 000 000 0 N o. o f c as es o r d ea th s Absolute number of incident cases and deaths in 2019B Low SDI Low-middle SDI Middle SDI High-middle SDI High SDI Annualized rate of change in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates from 2010-2019 C 2 1 0 –1 –2 An nu al iz ed ra te o f c ha ng e fo r ag e- st an da rd iz ed ra te , % Low SDI Low-middle SDI Middle SDI High-middle SDI High SDI Low SDI Low-middle SDI Middle SDI High-middle SDI High SDI Annualized rate of change in the number of incident cases and deaths from 2010-2019 D 6 4 2 0 –2 An nu al iz ed ra te o f c ha ng e fo r co un ts , % Incidence Mortality Mortality Incidence Panels provide global estimates for total cancers, except nonmelanoma skin cancer, stratified by SDI quintile. Annualized rate of change from 2010 to 2019 represents themean percentage change per year during this period. Black bars represent 95% uncertainty intervals. Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 429 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 disparities in cancer prevention, care, and control. Together, these results provide comprehensive and comparable esti- mates that can potentially inform efforts for equitably reduc- ing the evolving burden of cancer globally. While the absolute burden of cancer grew from 2010 to 2019, global age-standardized incidence rates remained simi- lar at −1.1% (95% UI, −5.8% to 3.5%) and mortality rates de- creased by −5.9% (95% UI, −11.0% to −0.9%). These age- standardizedmortality results suggest cautiousoptimismthat someprogressmayhavebeenmade inearlydiagnosis andcan- cer treatment globally during the last decade. However, ineq- uities in the distribution and growthof cancer burden around theworlddiminishthispotentialadvancementandsuggest that an acceleration of efforts to effectively address cancer bur- den are needed. Of particular concern, recent progress in re- ducing age-standardized incidence andmortality rates seems concentrated in higher SDI locations, while both rates are still trendingupward in lowerSDI locations.The increasingage- standardized incidence andmortality rates in lower SDI quin- tiles may reflect several factors, including shifting popula- tion age structures, increasing capacity for diagnosis and registration of cancer cases and deaths, and changes in can- cer risk factors, such as metabolic, behavioral, environmen- tal, and occupational exposures. For example, changing pat- ternsof smokingprevalencebySDIquintilemaybeparticularly relevant to cancer burden,35 with a need for further smoking reductionandtobaccocontrol initiatives inmanycountries.36,37 These differences in cancer burden across the SDI spectrum suggest a need to tailor cancer control efforts to specific re- source contexts and health systemneeds, incorporating local cultural and cancer context-specific knowledge. Low and low-middle SDI locations had a higher rate of growth in the number of cases and deaths than high SDI loca- tions during the last decade. Consistent with this trend, fore- casts of cancer incidence38 and mortality1 suggest a growing burden in these locations, predicting that by 2040more than two-thirds of the world’s cancers will occur in low-income andmiddle-income countries.38 Increasing cancer burden in already overburdened and underresourced settings is con- cerning given existing disparities in health care access and coverage.2,3,39Asmany incountrieswithin the lowerSDIquin- tiles have insufficient access to cancer prevention services, timely diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment, efforts to strengthencancercontrol infrastructure, expandworkforceca- pacity, and increase access to universal health coverage and sufficient financial security will be crucial.3,40 The grouping of countries bySDIquintile is notmeant to imply that all coun- tries within an SDI quintile have equivalent capacity to pre- vent, diagnose, or treat cancers; each country has unique strengths and needs that should be considered. Further, the growing absolute number of cases and deaths in all SDI quin- tiles suggests that even as progress has been made in reduc- ing age-standardized rates in some settings, globally there is an expanding need for health care infrastructure that is ca- pable of supporting the provision of effective diagnoses and treatments for a growing number of patients with cancer. While the traditional cancermetricsof incidenceandmor- tality are crucial, DALY estimates provide perspective on the healthy years of life lost because of cancermorbidity andmor- tality globally. TheGBD2019 study found thatonaglobal level, most cancer-related DALYs (96.9%; 95% UI, 96.0%-97.7%) in 2019camefromYLLs, suggesting that the totalhealth loss from cancerwasprimarilyassociatedwithprematuredeath.Thisfind- ing is a valuable reminder of the lives that prematurely ended because of cancer globally and the importance of working to- ward improved global survival outcomes.While YLDs contrib- ute less to global DALYs, the percentage of DALYs estimated to becausedbyYLDs increasedwith increasingSDIquintiles, rang- ing from1.4%(95%UI, 1.1%-1.8%) in the lowSDIquintile to5.7% (95%UI, 4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. This greater com- parative contribution of YLDs in higher SDI settings is con- sistent with likely improved survival,41 given generally more available access to cancer screening,42,43 diagnosis,44,45 and treatment46,47 as SDI increases. Consequently, the contribu- tion of YLDs to health loss due to cancer would be expected to be increasingly relevant toglobalhealthplanningascancer sur- vival improves globally, and the support needs of survivors of cancer should be considered as part of comprehensive cancer control planning efforts.48,49 The contribution of cancers to total global DALYs esti- mated to be caused bydisease and injury has increasedduring thepastdecade, rising fromthirdplace in2010 to secondplace in 2019, remaining behind only cardiovascular diseases. How- ever, in high SDI settings, cancer-related DALYs have sur- passed cardiovascular disease–related DALYs to become the leadingcauseof totaldiseaseburdenin2019.Otherstudieshave described cancer’s emerging prominence as the leading cause of premature death in countries with high income50 or a high Human Development Index,4 some of which is attributed to relative decreases in cardiovascular disease deaths.4,50,51 The GBD 2019 study builds on this evolving global landscape of cancer burden by demonstrating the comparative impor- tance of cancer in high SDI settings not just for mortality, but also when comparing the nonfatal burden of cancer and other diseases. Together, these results suggest the need for increased cancer prevention and control efforts to reduce current burden,52 as well as the need to accelerate progress in lower SDI locations to reduce the effect of growing burden.1,2 One important step is bolstering national cancer control plans (NCCPs)53-56 that identify, plan, and evaluate a framework of cost-effective and feasible interventions, such as the World Health Organization’s best buys proposals for cancer pre- vention, diagnosis, and management.38 The increasing global uptake of NCCPs has demonstrated the utility of this approach in addressing cancer burden in several settings.57-59 However, creating and implementing effective NCCPs requires detailed knowledge about the local burden of cancer and associated risk factors, in addition to awareness of socio- cultural circumstances and previous cancer control imple- mentation efforts. Lack of information about local cancer epidemiology can be a substantial barrier in some data- sparse, and often resource-limited, locations.60,61 Cancer burden estimates, such as those in the GBD 2019 study, can potentially be helpful as part of context-specific cancer resource planning and prioritization efforts. Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 430 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Limitations Several limitations provide opportunities for improvement in future GBD iterations. An ongoing challenge is a lack of high- quality data inmany locations. This includes time lags in data availability, nonspecific cause of death data from vital regis- tration systems, and ascertainment limitations of verbal au- topsyreports.TheGBDaddressesthesedata limitationsthrough data-seeking efforts, data processing corrections, andmodel- ing approaches that incorporate geospatial and temporal smoothing.Theseapproaches allowtheestimationof compre- hensive results with appropriate uncertainty bounds. How- ever, in years or locations where data were not available, esti- matesreliedoncovariatesandmodelingparameters,whichmay overestimateorunderestimate truecancerburden.Asdata can be less available or reliable in locations within the lower SDI quintiles,19 estimates should be interpreted with some cau- tion. These data limitations reinforce the need for enhancing cancer surveillance globally.61,62 Similarly, scarcity of age-specific and year-specific sur- vival data requiresusingMIRs toestimate survival,whichmay not approximate location-specific survival trends well. Years livedwith disability are currently estimated based on 10-year prevalence,whichmayunderestimate the lifelonghealth loss and disability that some survivors of cancer experience, par- ticularly for survivors of pediatric cancer.63 While the life- long disability from treatment-related surgical procedures is currently estimated for 5 cancers, other sources of long-term disability in survivors of cancer havenot yet been captured in these analyses. Finally, this study only estimated global can- cer burden through 2019, and as suchdid not incorporate any associationsof theCOVID-19pandemicwithglobal cancermor- bidity andmortality. Assessing these associationswill be criti- cal for future work on cancer burden, as the ongoing pan- demic is likely todelayprogress in efforts to reducehealth loss fromcancer globally throughdelays and reductions in screen- ing, diagnosis, and treatment.8-12 Conclusions This systematic analysis of theGBD2019 studyprovides com- prehensiveandcomparable estimatesof cancerburdenworld- wide, which were updated and improved from previous GBD cycles. These estimates varied substantially by SDI quintile, highlightingglobal inequities in cancerburden.While thehigh SDIquintilehadthehighestestimatednumberof incidentcases in2019, themiddleSDIquintilehadthehighestestimatednum- ber of deaths and DALYs. During the last decade, cancer bur- denhas grown the fastest in the lowand low-middle SDI quin- tiles. Such estimates are vital for improving equity in global canceroutcomesandmeetingkeySDGtargets for reducingcan- cer and other noncommunicable disease burden. ARTICLE INFORMATION Accepted for Publication:October 7, 2021. Published Online:December 30, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987 Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2021 Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration. JAMA Oncology. TheGlobal Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration Authors: The following investigators take authorship responsibility for the study results: JonathanM. Kocarnik, PhD; Kelly Compton, BS; Frances E. Dean, BA; Weijia Fu, MSc; Brian L. Gaw, MLIS; James D. Harvey, BS; Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, BA; Dan Lu, MEd; Alyssa Pennini, MSc; Rixing Xu, BS; Emad Ababneh, MD; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, MD; Hedayat Abbastabar, PhD; Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam, MD; Amir Abdoli, PhD; Aidin Abedi, MD; Hassan Abidi, PhD; Hassan Abolhassani, PhD; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, PhD; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, PhD; Shailesh M. Advani, MD, PhD; Muhammad Sohail Afzal, PhD; Mohammad Aghaali, PhD; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, MPH; Sajjad Ahmad, PhD; Tauseef Ahmad, MS; Ali Ahmadi, MS; Sepideh Ahmadi, PhD; Tarik Ahmed Rashid, PhD; Yusra Ahmed Salih, PhD; Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, MSc, PhD; Addis Aklilu, MSc; Tayyaba Akram, PhD; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, DMD; Hanadi Al Hamad, MD; Fares Alahdab, MSc; Ziyad Al-Aly, MD; Saqib Ali, PhD; Yousef Alimohamadi, PhD; Vahid Alipour, PhD; Syed Mohamed Aljunid, PhD; Motasem Alkhayyat, MD; Amir Almasi-Hashiani, PhD; Nihad A. Almasri, PhD; Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, PhD; Sami Almustanyir, MD; Nivaldo Alonso, MD; Nelson Alvis-Guzman, PhD; Hubert Amu, PhD; EtsayWoldu Anbesu, MPH; Robert Ancuceanu, PhD; Fereshteh Ansari, PhD; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, PhD; Maxwell Hubert Antwi, MPhil; Davood Anvari, PhD; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, PhD; Muhammad Aqeel, PhD; Jalal Arabloo, PhD; Morteza Arab-Zozani, PhD; Olatunde Aremu, PhD; Hany Ariffin, MD; Timur Aripov, PhD; Muhammad Arshad, PhD; Al Artaman, MD, PhD, MHA; Judie Arulappan, DSc; Zatollah Asemi, PhD; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD; Tahira Ashraf, MS; Prince Atorkey, MPhil; Avinash Aujayeb, MBBS; Marcel Ausloos, PhD; Atalel Fentahun Awedew, MD; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, PhD; Temesgen Ayenew, MSc; Mohammed A. Azab, MD; Sina Azadnajafabad, MD, MPH; Amirhossein Azari Jafari, MD; Ghasem Azarian, PhD; Ahmed Y. Azzam, MBBCh; Ashish D. Badiye, PhD, MSc; Saeed Bahadory, PhD; Atif Amin Baig, PhD; Jennifer L. Baker, PhD; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, PhD; Maciej Banach, PhD; Till Winfried Bärnighausen, MD; Francesco Barone-Adesi, PhD; Fabio Barra, MD; Amadou Barrow, MPH; Masoud Behzadifar, PhD; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, MD;Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bezabhe, BPharm, MSc, PhD; YihienewMequanint Bezabih, MD; Devidas S. Bhagat, PhD; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, PharmD; Nikha Bhardwaj, MD; Pankaj Bhardwaj, MD; Sonu Bhaskar, MD, PhD; Krittika Bhattacharyya, MSc; Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja, MD; Sadia Bibi, PhD; Ali Bijani, PhD; Antonio Biondi, PhD; Catherine Bisignano, MPH; Tone Bjørge, PhD; Archie Bleyer, MD; Oleg Blyuss, PhD; Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, MSc; Srinivasa Rao Bolla, PhD; Dejana Braithwaite, PhD; Amanpreet Brar, MD; Hermann Brenner, MD; Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, PhD; Nadeem Shafique Butt, PhD; Zahid A. Butt, PhD; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, PhD; Yin Cao, DSc; Giulia Carreras, PhD; Ferrán Catalá-López, PhD; Francieli Cembranel, DSc; Ester Cerin, PhD; Achille Cernigliaro, MSc; Raja Chandra Chakinala, MD; Soosanna Kumary Chattu, PhD; Vijay Kumar Chattu, MD; Pankaj Chaturvedi, MD; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, MD, MPH, PhD; Daniel Youngwhan Cho, MD; Devasahayam J. Christopher, MD; Dinh-Toi Chu, PhD; Michael T. Chung, MD; Joao Conde, PhD; Sanda Cortés, DrPH; Paolo Angelo Cortesi, PhD; Vera Marisa Costa, PhD; Amanda Ramos Cunha, PhD; Omid Dadras, DrPH; Amare Belachew Dagnew, MSc; SaadM. A. Dahlawi, PhD; Xiaochen Dai, PhD; Lalit Dandona, MD, MPH; Rakhi Dandona, PhD; AsoMohammad Darwesh, PhD; José das Neves, PhD; Fernando Pio De la Hoz, PhD; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, MSc; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, DSc; Deepak Dhamnetiya, MD; Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, PhD; Meghnath Dhimal, PhD; Mostafa Dianatinasab, MSc; Daniel Diaz, PhD; Shirin Djalalinia, PhD; Huyen Phuc Do, PhD; Saeid Doaei, PhD; Fariba Dorostkar, PhD; FranciscoWinter dos Santos Figueiredo, PhD; Tim Robert Driscoll, PhD; Hedyeh Ebrahimi, MD; Sahar Eftekharzadeh, MD; Maha El Tantawi, PhD; Hassan El-Abid, PhD; Iffat Elbarazi, DrPH; Hala Rashad Elhabashy, MD; Muhammed Elhadi, MD; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, MD; Babak Eshrati, PhD; Sharareh Eskandarieh, PhD; Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, PhD; Arash Etemadi, PhD; Sayeh Ezzikouri, PhD; Mohammed Faisaluddin, MD; Emerito Jose A. Faraon, MD; Jawad Fares, MD, MSc; Farshad Farzadfar, DSc; Abdullah Hamid Feroze, MD; Simone Ferrero, PhD; Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, MD; Irina Filip, MD; Florian Fischer, MPH, PhD; James L. Fisher, PhD; Masoud Foroutan, PhD; Takeshi Fukumoto, PhD; Peter Andras Gaal, PhD; MohamedM. Gad, MD; Muktar A. Gadanya, MD; Silvano Gallus, DSc; Mariana Gaspar Fonseca, PhD; Abera GetachewObsa, MA; Mansour Ghafourifard, PhD; Ahmad Ghashghaee, BSc; Nermin Ghith, PhD; Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 431 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 PhD; Syed Amir Gilani, MBBS, PhD; Themba G. Ginindza, PhD; Abraham Tamirat T. Gizaw; James C. Glasbey, MBBCh, BSc, MRCS; Mahaveer Golechha, PhD; Pouya Goleij, MSc; Ricardo Santiago Gomez, PhD; Sameer Vali Gopalani, MPH; Giuseppe Gorini, MD; Houman Goudarzi, PhD; Giuseppe Grosso, PhD; Mohammed IbrahimMohialdeen Gubari, PhD; Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra, PhD; Avirup Guha, MD; D. Sanjeeva Gunasekera, MD; Bhawna Gupta, PhD; Veer Bala Gupta, PhD; Vivek Kumar Gupta, PhD; Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, PhD; Nima Hafezi-Nejad, MD; Mohammad Rifat Haider, PhD, MPS, MHE, MBBS; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, MD; Rabih Halwani, PhD; Randah R. Hamadeh, DPhil; Sajid Hameed, MPH; Samer Hamidi, DrPH; Asif Hanif, PhD; Shafiul Haque, PhD; Netanja I. Harlianto, BSc; JosepMaria Haro, MD; Ahmed I. Hasaballah, PhD; Soheil Hassanipour, PhD; Roderick J. Hay, MD; Simon I. Hay, DSc; Khezar Hayat, MS; Golnaz Heidari, MD; Mohammad Heidari, PhD; Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, PhD; Claudiu Herteliu, PhD; Kamal Hezam, PhD; Ramesh Holla, MD; MdMahbub Hossain, MPH; Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, PhD; Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, MD; Mostafa Hosseini, PhD; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, PhD; Mihaela Hostiuc, PhD; Sorin Hostiuc, PhD; Mowafa Househ, PhD; Mohamed Hsairi, MPH; Junjie Huang, MD; Fernando N. Hugo, PhD; Rabia Hussain, PhD; Nawfal R. Hussein, PhD; Bing-Fang Hwang, PhD; Ivo Iavicoli, PhD; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, MPH; Fidelia Ida, PhD; Kevin S. Ikuta, MD; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, PhD; Irena M. Ilic, PhD; Milena D. Ilic, PhD; Lalu Muhammad Irham, PhD; Jessica Y. Islam, PhD; Rakibul M. Islam, PhD; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, PhD; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, PhD; Gaetano Isola, PhD; Masao Iwagami, MD; Louis Jacob, MD; Vardhmaan Jain, MD; Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic, MD, PhD; Tahereh Javaheri, PhD; Shubha Jayaram, MD; Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, MD; Ravi Prakash Jha, MSc; Jost B. Jonas, MD; Tamas Joo, MSc; Nitin Joseph, MBBS, MD; Farahnaz Joukar, PhD; Mikk Jürisson, PhD; Ali Kabir, MD; Danial Kahrizi, PhD; Leila R. Kalankesh, PhD; Rohollah Kalhor, PhD; Feroze Kaliyadan, MD; Yogeshwar Kalkonde, MD; Ashwin Kamath, MD; Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi, PhD; Himal Kandel, PhD; Neeti Kapoor, PhD, MSc, BSc; André Karch, MD; Ayele Semachew Kasa, MSc; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, PhD; Joonas H. Kauppila, MD, PhD; Taras Kavetskyy, PhD; Sewnet Adem Kebede, MPH; Pedram Keshavarz, MD; Mohammad Keykhaei, MD; Yousef Saleh Khader, Bsc, Msc, PhD; Rovshan Khalilov, PhD; Gulfaraz Khan, PhD; Maseer Khan, MD; Md Nuruzzaman Khan, PhD; Moien A. B. Khan, MSc; Young-Ho Khang, MD, PhD; Amir M. Khater, MD; Maryam Khayamzadeh, MD; Gyu Ri Kim, PhD; Yun Jin Kim, PhD; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa, PhD; Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, PhD; Jacek A. Kopec, PhD; Rajasekaran Koteeswaran, MD; Parvaiz A. Koul, MD; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, MD; Ai Koyanagi, MD; Burcu Kucuk Bicer, PhD; Nuworza Kugbey, PhD; G. Anil Kumar, PhD; Narinder Kumar, MS; Nithin Kumar, MD; Om P. Kurmi, PhD; Tezer Kutluk, MD; Carlo La Vecchia, MD; Faris Hasan Lami, PhD; Iván Landires, MD; Paolo Lauriola, MD; Sang-woong Lee, PhD; Shaun Wen Huey Lee, PhD;Wei-Chen Lee, PhD; Yo Han Lee, PhD; James Leigh, MD; Elvynna Leong, PhD; Jiarui Li, MD; Ming-Chieh Li, PhD; Xuefeng Liu, PhD; Joana A. Loureiro, PhD; Raimundas Lunevicius, MD, PhD, DSc; MuhammedMagdy Abd El Razek, MSc; AzeemMajeed, MD; Alaa Makki, PhD; Shilpa Male, DNB; Ahmad AzamMalik, PhD; Mohammad Ali Mansournia, MD, MPH, PhD; Santi Martini, PhD; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, PhD; Prashant Mathur, PhD; Martin McKee, DSc; Ravi Mehrotra, DPhil; Walter Mendoza, MD; Ritesh G. Menezes, MD; EndalkachewWorkuMengesha, MPH; Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, MSc; Tomislav Mestrovic, PhD; Junmei Miao Jonasson, PhD; Bartosz Miazgowski, MD; Tomasz Miazgowski, MD; Irmina Maria Michalek, MD, PhD; Ted R. Miller, MS, MCP, PhD; HamedMirzaei, PhD; Hamid RezaMirzaei, PhD; SanjeevMisra, MCh; PrasannaMithra, MD; Masoud Moghadaszadeh, PhD; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, PhD; Yousef Mohammad, MD; Mokhtar Mohammadi, PhD; SeyyedeMomeneh Mohammadi, PhD; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, PhD; Shafiu Mohammed, PhD; NagabhishekMoka, MD; Ali H. Mokdad, PhD; MariamMolokhia, PhD; LorenzoMonasta, DSc; Mohammad Ali Moni, PhD; Mohammad AminMoosavi, PhD; Yousef Moradi, PhD; Paula Moraga, PhD; JoanaMorgado-da-Costa, MSc; Shane Douglas Morrison, MD; Abbas Mosapour, PhD; Sumaira Mubarik, MS; Lillian Mwanri, PhD; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, MTech; Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, DM; Chie Nagata, PhD; Mukhammad David Naimzada, MD; Vinay Nangia, MD; Atta Abbas Naqvi, PhD; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, MD; Rawlance Ndejjo, MSc; Sabina O. Nduaguba, PhD; Ionut Negoi, PhD; SerbanMircea Negru, MD; Sandhya Neupane Kandel, BSN; Cuong Tat Nguyen, MPH; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, MPH; Robina Khan Niazi, PhD; Chukwudi A. Nnaji, MBBS, MPH; NurulaminM. Noor, MPhil; Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, PhD; Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, MPH; Bogdan Oancea, PhD; Chimedsuren Ochir, PhD; Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, MSc; Felix Akpojene Ogbo, PhD; Andrew T. Olagunju, MD; Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, PhD; Emad Omar, PhD; Ahmed Omar Bali, PhD; Abidemi E. Emmanuel Omonisi, MBBS; Sokking Ong, MBBS; Obinna E. Onwujekwe, PhD; Hans Orru, PhD; Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, DrPH; Nikita Otstavnov, BA; Stanislav S. Otstavnov, PhD; Mayowa O. Owolabi, DrM; Mahesh P A, DNB; Jagadish Rao Padubidri, MD, DNB; Keyvan Pakshir, PhD; Adrian Pana, MD, MPH; Demosthenes Panagiotakos, PhD; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, MD; Shahina Pardhan, PhD; Eun-Cheol Park, PhD; Eun-Kee Park, PhD; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, BSN; Harsh K. Patel, MD; Jenil R. Patel, PhD; Siddhartha Pati, PhD; Sanjay M. Pattanshetty, MD; Uttam Paudel, PhD; David M. Pereira, PhD; Renato B. Pereira, PhD; Arokiasamy Perianayagam, PhD; Julian David Pillay, PhD; Saeed Pirouzpanah, PhD; Farhad Pishgar, MD; Indrashis Podder, MD; Maarten J. Postma, PhD; Hadi Pourjafar, PhD; Akila Prashant, PhD; Liliana Preotescu, PhD; Mohammad Rabiee, PhD; Navid Rabiee, PhD; Amir Radfar, MD; Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, PhD; Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, MD; Ata Rafiee, MSc; Fakher Rahim, PhD; Shadi Rahimzadeh, MSc; Mosiur Rahman, DrPH; Muhammad Aziz Rahman, PhD; Amir Masoud Rahmani, PhD; Nazanin Rajai, MD; Aashish Rajesh, MD; Ivo Rakovac, PhD; Pradhum Ram, MD; Kiana Ramezanzadeh, PharmD; Kamal Ranabhat, MPH; Priyanga Ranasinghe, PhD; Chythra R. Rao, MD; Sowmya J. Rao, MDS; Reza Rawassizadeh, PhD; Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, MSc; Andre M. N. Renzaho, PhD; Negar Rezaei, PhD; Nima Rezaei, PhD; Aziz Rezapour, PhD; Thomas J. Roberts, MD, MBA; Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, PhD; Peter Rohloff, MD; Michele Romoli, MD; Luca Ronfani, PhD; Gholamreza Roshandel, PhD; Godfrey M. Rwegerera, MD; Manjula S, MDS; Siamak Sabour, PhD; Basema Saddik, PhD; Umar Saeed, PhD; Amirhossein Sahebkar, PhD; Harihar Sahoo, PhD; Sana Salehi, MD; Marwa Rashad Salem, MD; Hamideh Salimzadeh, PhD; Mehrnoosh Samaei, MD; Abdallah M. Samy, PhD; Juan Sanabria, MD; Senthilkumar Sankararaman, MD; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, PhD; Yaeesh Sardiwalla, MD; Arash Sarveazad, PhD; Brijesh Sathian, PhD; Monika Sawhney, PhD; Mete Saylan, MD; Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, PhD; Mario Sekerija, PhD; Allen Seylani, BS; Omid Shafaat, MD; Zahra Shaghaghi, PhD; Masood Ali Shaikh, MD; Erfan Shamsoddin, DDS; Mohammed Shannawaz, PhD; Rajesh Sharma, PhD; Aziz Sheikh, MD; Sara Sheikhbahaei, MD; Adithi Shetty, MS; Jeevan K. Shetty, MD; Pavanchand H. Shetty, MD; Kenji Shibuya, MD; Reza Shirkoohi, PhD; K. M. Shivakumar, PhD; Velizar Shivarov, PhD; Soraya Siabani, PhD; Sudeep K. Siddappa Malleshappa, MD; Diego Augusto Santos Silva, PhD; Jasvinder A. Singh, MD; Yitagesu Sintayehu, MSc; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, PhD, MD; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, MD; Matthew J. Soeberg, PhD; Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, DDS; Houman Sotoudeh, MD; Paschalis Steiropoulos, MD; Kurt Straif, PhD; Ranjeeta Subedi, MPH; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, MSB, MD; Iyad Sultan, MD; Saima Sultana, MPH; Daniel Sur, PhD; Viktória Szerencsés, MA; Miklós Szócska, PhD; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, PhD; Takahiro Tabuchi, MD; Hooman Tadbiri, MD, Msc, MPH; Amir Taherkhani, PhD; Ken Takahashi, PhD; ImanM. Talaat, MD, PhD; Ker-Kan Tan, PhD; Vivian Y. Tat, BS; Bemnet Amare A. Tedla, PhD; Yonas Getaye Tefera, MSc; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, PhD; Mohamad-Hani Temsah, MD; Fisaha Haile Tesfay, PhD; Gizachew Assefa Tessema, PhD; Rekha Thapar, MD; Aravind Thavamani, MD; Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar, MD; Nihal Thomas, PhD; Hamid Reza Tohidinik, PhD; Mathilde Touvier, PhD; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, PhD; Eugenio Traini, MSc; Bach Xuan Tran, PhD; Khanh Bao Tran, MD; Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, PhD; Jaya Prasad Tripathy, MD; Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, MPH; Irfan Ullah, PhD; Saif Ullah, PhD; Krishna Kishore Umapathi, MD; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, MD; Era Upadhyay, PhD; Marco Vacante, PhD; Maryam Vaezi, MD; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, PhD; Diana Zuleika Velazquez, MSc; Massimiliano Veroux, MD, PhD; Francesco S. Violante, MD; Vasily Vlassov, MD; Bay Vo, PhD; Victor Volovici, MD, PhD; Giang Thu Vu, BA; Yasir Waheed, PhD; Richard G. Wamai, PhD; Paul Ward, PhD; Yi FengWen, PhD; RonnyWesterman, DSc; Andrea Sylvia Winkler, PhD; Lalit Yadav, PhD; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, MD; Lin Yang, PhD; Sanni Yaya, PhD; Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, MSc; Yigizie Yeshaw, MPH; Naohiro Yonemoto, PhD; Mustafa Z. Younis, PhD; Zabihollah Yousefi, PhD; Chuanhua Yu, PhD; Deniz Yuce, MD; Ismaeel Yunusa, PharmD, PhD; Vesna Zadnik, PhD; Fariba Zare, MSc; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, PhD; Anasthasia Zastrozhina, PhD; Jianrong Zhang, MD, MPH; Chenwen Zhong, MD; Linghui Zhou, MD; Cong Zhu, MPH; Arash Ziapour, PhD; Ivan R. Zimmermann, PhD; Christina Fitzmaurice, MD; Christopher J. L.Murray, DPhil; LisaM. Force,MD,MPH. Affiliations of TheGlobal Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration Authors: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (Kocarnik, Compton, Dean, Fu, Gaw, Harvey, Lu, Pennini, Xu, Bisignano, Dai, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, S. I. Hay, Ikuta, Mokdad, Fitzmaurice, Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 432 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Murray, Force); Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Henrikson); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Henrikson); Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Ababneh); Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Abbasi-Kangevari); Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Abbastabar); Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (Abd-Elsalam); Zoonoses Research Center, JahromUniversity of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran (Abdoli); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Abedi); Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran (Abidi); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden (Abolhassani); Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Abolhassani, Nima Rezaei); Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria (Adedeji); Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia (Adnani); Department of Midwifery, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Adnani); Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California (Advani); School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (Advani); Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (Afzal); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, QomUniversity of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran (Aghaali); The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Ahinkorah); Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan (S. Ahmad, Waheed); Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China (T. Ahmad); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran (A. Ahmadi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani); Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (A. Ahmadi, Sabour); School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S. Ahmadi); Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq (Ahmed Rashid); Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Ahmed Salih); College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Ahmed Salih); Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital MillenniumMedical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Akalu); Microbial, Cellular andMolecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Akalu); Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia (Aklilu); School of Mathematical Sciences, University of ScienceMalaysia, Penang, Malaysia (Akram); Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria (Akunna); Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria (Akunna); Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, HamadMedical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (Al Hamad, Sathian); Rumailah Hospital, HamadMedical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (Al Hamad); Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota (Alahdab); John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Al-Aly); Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri (Al-Aly); Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman (Ali); Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Alimohamadi); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Alimohamadi, Mostafa Hosseini, Mansournia); Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Alipour, Arabloo, Ghashghaee, Rezapour); Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Alipour); Department of Health Policy andManagement, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait (Aljunid); International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia (Aljunid); Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Alkhayyat, Jain); Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran (Almasi-Hashiani); Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (Almasri); College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (Al-Maweri); Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana’a, Yemen (Al-Maweri); College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Almustanyir); Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Almustanyir); Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Alonso); Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia (Alvis-Guzman); Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia (Alvis-Guzman); Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana (Amu); Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia (Anbesu); Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Ancuceanu); Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Ansari); Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran (Ansari); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (Ansari-Moghaddam); Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana (Antwi); Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Antwi); Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (Anvari); Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran (Anvari); School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New SouthWales, Australia (Anyasodor); Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan (Aqeel); Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran (Arab-Zozani); Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England (Aremu); Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Ariffin); University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Ariffin); Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan (Aripov); Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Aripov); Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan (Arshad); Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Artaman); Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman (Arulappan); Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (Asemi, H. Mirzaei); Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Asghari Jafarabadi); Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (Asghari Jafarabadi); Institute of Radiological Sciences andMedical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Ashraf); School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Atorkey); Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New SouthWales, Australia (Atorkey); Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England (Aujayeb); School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England (Ausloos); Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania (Ausloos, Herteliu, Pana); Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Awedew); The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ayala Quintanilla); SanMartin de Porres University, Lima, Peru (Ayala Quintanilla); Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia (Ayenew); Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Azab); Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran (Azadnajafabad); School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran (Azari Jafari); Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Azarian); Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt (Azzam); Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India (Badiye, Kapoor); Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Bahadory); Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran (Bahadory); Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia (Baig); Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark (Baker); Department of Medical Microbiology, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Balakrishnan); Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (Banach); Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland (Banach); Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bärnighausen); T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Bärnighausen); Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 433 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Italy (Barone-Adesi); Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (Barra); Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of the Gambia, Brikama, The Gambia (Barrow); Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, The Gambia (Barrow); Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran (Behzadifar); Department of Oral Pathology andMicrobiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India (Belgaumi); University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Victoria, Australia (Bezabhe); Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Bezabhe); Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Bezabih); One Health, University of Nantes, Nantes, France (Bezabih); Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India (Bhagat); Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic (Bhagavathula); Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (Bhagavathula, Elbarazi); Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India (N. Bhardwaj); Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (P. Bhardwaj); School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (P. Bhardwaj); Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, New South Wales Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Bhaskar); Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, SouthWest Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Bhaskar); Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India (Bhattacharyya); Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India (Bhattacharyya); Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia (Bhojaraja); Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan (Bibi, S. 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K. Chattu); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V. K. Chattu); Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India (V. K. Chattu); Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India (Chaturvedi); Department of Head Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India (Chaturvedi); Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Chimed-Ochir); Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (Cho); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India (Christopher); Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU International School, Hanoi, Vietnam (Chu); Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (Chung); NovaMedical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (Conde); Department of Public Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (Cortés); Research Line in Environmental Exposures and Health Effects at Population Level, Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Santiago, Chile (Cortés); School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Cortesi); Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Costa); Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Cunha); School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Dadras); Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dadras); Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Dagnew); Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Dahlawi); Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Dai, R. Dandona, S. I. Hay, Mokdad, Murray, Force); Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (L. Dandona, R. Dandona, G. A. Kumar); Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India (L. Dandona); Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Darwesh); Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (das Neves); Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (das Neves); Department of Public Health, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (De la Hoz); Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia (Demis); School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Demis); Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Denova-Gutiérrez); Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India (Dhamnetiya, Jha); Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal (M. L. 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Still University, Mesa, Arizona (Filip); Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany (Fischer); James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus (Fisher); Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran (Foroutan); Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran (Foroutan); Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (Fukumoto); Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Gaal, Joo, Szerencsés); Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania (Gaal); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Gad); Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Gad); Community Medicine Department, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria (Gadanya); Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria (Gadanya); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy (Gallus); National Health Service, London, England (Gaspar Fonseca); School of Psychology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (GetachewObsa); Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Ghafourifard); Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Ghashghaee); Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Ghith); Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Gholamalizadeh); Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Gilani); Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan (Gilani); Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (Ginindza); Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Gizaw); National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (Glasbey); Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India (Golechha); Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran (Goleij); Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Gomez); Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Gopalani); Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia (Gopalani); Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy (Gorini); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Goudarzi); Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Goudarzi); Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (Grosso); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq (Gubari); Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Guha); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (Guha); Department of Paediatrics, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka (Gunasekera); Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B. Gupta); School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (V. B. Gupta); Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (V. K. Gupta); Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico (Gutiérrez); Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Hafezi-Nejad, Shafaat, Sheikhbahaei); School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Hafezi-Nejad); Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens (Haider); Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Haj-Mirzaian, Ramezanzadeh); Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Haj-Mirzaian); Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Halwani, Talaat); College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Halwani); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain (Hamadeh); University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan (Hameed, Hanif, Malik); School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Hamidi); Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (Haque); Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands (Harlianto); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (Harlianto); Research Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Haro); Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Barcelona, Spain (Haro); Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt (Hasaballah); Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran (Hassanipour, Joukar); Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran (Hassanipour, Joukar); International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England (R. J. Hay); St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, England (R. J. Hay); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan (Hayat); Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China (Hayat); Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, California (G. Heidari); Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran (M. Heidari); Departamento de Salud Oral, Universidad Autónoma deManizales, Manizales, Colombia (Herrera-Serna); School of Business, London South Bank University, London, England (Herteliu); Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen (Hezam); Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Hezam); Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Holla, Kamath, Padubidri); Social and Environmental Health Research, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh (M. M. Hossain); Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&MUniversity, College Station (M. M. Hossain); Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M. B. H. Hossain); Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Mohammad-Salar Hosseini); Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Mostafa Hosseini); Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (Hosseinzadeh); Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Hosseinzadeh); Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (M. Hostiuc); Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (S. Hostiuc); Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine MinaMinovici, Bucharest, Romania (S. Hostiuc); College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar (Househ); Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia (Hsairi); Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Huang, Zhong); Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Hugo); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia (Hussain); Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq (Hussein); Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (Hwang); Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (Iavicoli); Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ibitoye); Pharmacoepidemiology Department, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Ida); Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle (Ikuta); Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ilesanmi); Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Ilesanmi); Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (I. M. Ilic, Santric-Milicevic); Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (M. D. Ilic); School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (Irham); Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Irham); H. LeeMoffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (J. Y. Islam); Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (R. M. Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 435 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Islam); Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia (S. M. S. Islam); SydneyMedical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (S. M. S. Islam); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia (Ismail); Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (Isola); Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Iwagami); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England (Iwagami); Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain (Jacob); Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France (Jacob); Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan (Jakovljevic); Department of Global Health, Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (Jakovljevic); Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Javaheri); Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India (Jayaram); Urology Department, University of Florida, Jacksonville (Jazayeri); Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (Jha); Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Jonas, Panda-Jonas); Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China (Jonas); Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (Joseph, Nithin Kumar, Mithra, Thapar); Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (Jürisson, Orru); Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Kabir); Department of Genetics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran (Kahrizi); School of Management andMedical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Kalankesh); Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran (Kalhor); Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran (Kalhor); Dermatology Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia (Kaliyadan); Public Health Division, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India (Kalkonde); Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Kamath); Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Hewler, Iraq (Kameran Al-Salihi); Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Kandel); Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Kandel); Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Karch); Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Kasa); Medical Research Council/ Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland (Katikireddi); Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Kauppila); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Kauppila); Department of Surface Engineering, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (Kavetskyy); Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine (Kavetskyy); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Faroe Islands (Kebede); School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia (Keshavarz); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, NewHospitals LTD, Tbilisi, Georgia (Keshavarz); Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Keykhaei); Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (Khader); Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan (Khalilov); Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia (Khalilov); Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (G. Khan); Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (M. Khan); Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh (M. N. Khan); Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (M. A. B. Khan); Primary Care Department, NHS NorthWest London, London, England (M. A. B. Khan); Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Khang); Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Khang); National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (Khater); Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Khayamzadeh); The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Khayamzadeh); Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea (G. R. Kim, Eun-Cheol Park); School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia (Y. J. Kim); School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway (A. Kisa); Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, NewOrleans, Louisiana (A. Kisa); Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway (S. Kisa); Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (Kissimova-Skarbek); School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Kopec); Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada (Kopec); Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (Koteeswaran); Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India (Koul); Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India (Koulmane Laxminarayana); Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain (Koyanagi); Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (Koyanagi); Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey (Kucuk Bicer); University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana (Kugbey); Department of Orthopaedics, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, India (Narinder Kumar); Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England (Kurmi); Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Kurmi); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (Kutluk); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (La Vecchia); Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq (Lami); Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama (Landires); Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama (Landires); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy (Lauriola); Pattern Recognition andMachine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea (S. Lee); School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia (S. W. H. Lee); School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia (S. W. H. Lee); Office of Health Policy & Legislative Affairs, University of Texas, Galveston (W. Lee); Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon-si, South Korea (Y. H. Lee); Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Leigh); Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei (Leong); Department of Medical Oncology, Peking UnionMedical College, Beijing, China (J. Li); Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan (M. Li); Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Liu); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Liu); Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Loureiro); School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal (Loureiro); Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England (Lunevicius); Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (Lunevicius); Ophthalmology Department, Ministry of Health and Population, Aswan, Egypt (Magdy Abd El Razek); Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England (Majeed); Mass Communication Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Makki); Department of Ophthalmology, MM Joshi Eye Institute, Hubli, India (Male); Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Malik); Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia (Martini); Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia (Martini); Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Masoumi); National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India (Mathur); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England (McKee); India Cancer Research Consortium, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India (Mehrotra); Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru (Mendoza); Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Menezes); Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Mengesha); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt (Mesregah); Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic “Dr. Zora Profozic”, Zagreb, Croatia (Mestrovic); University Centre Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 436 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia (Mestrovic); School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (Miao Jonasson); Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (B. Miazgowski); PomeranianMedical University, Szczecin, Poland (B. Miazgowski); Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, PomeranianMedical University, Szczecin, Poland (T. Miazgowski); Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Michalek); Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland (Miller); School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Miller, Tessema); Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (H. R. Mirzaei); Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Misra); Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Moghadaszadeh); Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Moghadaszadeh); Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq (K. A. Mohammad); Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y. Mohammad); Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq (M. Mohammadi); Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (S. M. Mohammadi); Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Mohammed); Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Mohammed); Oncology Department, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Hazard, Kentucky (Moka); Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Moka); Faculty of Life Sciences andMedicine, King's College London, London, England (Molokhia); Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy (Monasta, Ronfani, Traini); Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh (Moni); Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran (Moosavi); Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran (Moradi); Computer, Electrical, andMathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (Moraga); University Hospital Center of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Morgado-da-Costa); Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (Morrison); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran (Mosapour); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Mosapour); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Mubarik, Yu); College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, South Australia, Australia (Mwanri); Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India (Nagarajan); Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India (Nagarajan); Department of Nephrology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Nagaraju); Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan (Nagata); Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia (Naimzada, N. Otstavnov, S. S. Otstavnov); Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia (Naimzada); Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India (Nangia); Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Naqvi); Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Science, Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia (Naqvi); Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India (Narasimha Swamy); Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda (Ndejjo); Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville (Nduaguba); Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Negoi); Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (Negoi); Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (Negru); Estia Health Blakehurst, Estia Health, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Neupane Kandel); Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam (C. T. Nguyen, H. L. T. Nguyen); International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan (Niazi); South AfricanMedical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (Nnaji); School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Nnaji); Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England (Noor); Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, England (Noor); Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama (Nuñez-Samudio); Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama (Nuñez-Samudio); Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria (Nzoputam); Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (Oancea); Department of International Cyber Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Ochir); Advisory Board, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Ochir); Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria (Odukoya); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Odukoya); Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Ogbo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Olagunju); Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria (Olagunju); Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria (Olakunde); Mass Communication Department, Ajman University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Omar); Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Omar Bali); Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (Omonisi); Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (Omonisi); Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Unit, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei (Ong); Early Detection and Cancer Prevention Services, Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei (Ong); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria (Onwujekwe); Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (Orru); Health Systems Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Ortega-Altamirano); Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia (S. S. Otstavnov); Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Owolabi); Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Owolabi); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India (P A); Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (Pakshir); Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania (Pana); Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (Panagiotakos); Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England (Pardhan); Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea (Eun-Cheol Park); Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea (Eun-Kee Park); Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Pashazadeh Kan); Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, NewOrleans, Louisiana (H. K. Patel); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas (J. R. Patel); Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J. R. Patel); Centre of Excellence, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India (Pati); Research Division, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Balasore, India (Pati); Department of Health Policy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Pattanshetty); Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal (Paudel); Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal (Paudel); Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (D. M. Pereira); Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (R. B. Pereira); Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India (Perianayagam, Sahoo); Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa (Pillay); Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Pirouzpanah); Urooncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Pishgar); Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India (Podder); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (Postma); School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 437 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Netherlands (Postma); Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran (Pourjafar); Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran (Pourjafar); Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India (Prashant); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania (Preotescu); Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Preotescu); Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (M. Rabiee); Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (N. Rabiee); College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Radfar); Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (R. A. Radhakrishnan); Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India (V. Radhakrishnan); Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Rafiee); Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Rahim); Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, England (Rahimzadeh); Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh (M. Rahman); School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia (M. A. Rahman); School of Nursing andMidwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M. A. Rahman); Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan (Rahmani); Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Rajai); Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio (Rajesh); European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia (Rakovac); Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Ram); Health Emergency Operation Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal (Ranabhat); Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal (Ranabhat); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka (Ranasinghe); Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (C. R. Rao); Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India (S. J. Rao); Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Rawassizadeh); Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran (Razeghinia); Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (Razeghinia); School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New SouthWales, Australia (Renzaho); Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New SouthWales, Australia (Renzaho); Endocrinology andMetabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Negar Rezaei); Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran (Nima Rezaei); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Roberts); Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia (Rodriguez); Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Rohloff); Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' KawoqMaya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala (Rohloff); Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Romoli); Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran (Roshandel); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Rwegerera); Oral andMaxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India (S); Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Saddik); Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (Saeed); Biological Production Development, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan (Saeed); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Sahebkar); Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Sahebkar); Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Salehi); Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt (Salem); Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Salimzadeh); Emergency Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Samaei); Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Samy); Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia (Sanabria); Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Sanabria); Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio (Sankararaman, Thavamani); Department of Pediatrics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Sankararaman); School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Santric-Milicevic); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Sardiwalla); Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Sarveazad); Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England (Sathian); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte (Sawhney); Market Access, Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey (Saylan); Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil (Schneider); Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology andMedical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Sekerija); Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia (Sekerija); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (Seylani); Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (Shafaat); Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Shaghaghi); Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan (Shaikh); Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran (Shamsoddin, Sofi-Mahmudi); Noncommunicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Developmen, Tehran, Iran (Shamsoddin); Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India (Shannawaz); University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (Sharma); Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (Sheikh); Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Sheikh); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (A. Shetty); Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia (J. K. Shetty); Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (P. H. Shetty); University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Shibuya); Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Shirkoohi); Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Shirkoohi); Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India (Shivakumar); Clinical Immunology and Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (Shivarov); Department of Genetics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridiski, Sofia, Bulgaria (Shivarov); Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran (Siabani, Ziapour); School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Siabani); Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts (Siddappa Malleshappa); Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil (Silva); School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Singh); Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama (Singh); Department of Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Sintayehu); Department No. 16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia (Skryabin); Therapeutic Department, Balashiha Central Hospital, Balashikha, Russia (Skryabina); Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New SouthWales, Australia (Soeberg, Takahashi); Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Development, Iranian Ministry of Health andMedical Education, Tehran, Iran (Sofi-Mahmudi); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Sotoudeh); Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Steiropoulos); Schiller Institute, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts (Straif); Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain (Straif); Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal (Subedi); Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Sufiyan); Pediatric Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan (Sultan); Pediatrics, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (Sultan); Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Sultana); Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuţă” Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Sur); Department of Medical Oncology, Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 438 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Sur); Faculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Szócska); Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (Tabarés-Seisdedos); Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Madrid, Spain (Tabarés-Seisdedos); Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan (Tabuchi); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Tadbiri); Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Taherkhani); Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (Talaat); Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Tan); Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston (Tat); College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia (Tedla); University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Tedla); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Tefera); Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Tehrani-Banihashemi); Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Temsah); School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Tesfay); Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Tesfay); School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Tessema); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Thavamani); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (Thoguluva Chandrasekar); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes andMetabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India (Thomas); HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center andWorld Health Organization Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (Tohidinik); Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, National Institute for Health andMedical Research Institut national de la santé et de la recherchemédicale, Paris, France (Touvier); Department of Health, Medicine and Human Biology, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France (Touvier); Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Tovani-Palone); Modestum LTD, London, England (Tovani-Palone); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands (Traini); Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam (B. X. Tran); Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (K. B. Tran); Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand (K. B. Tran); School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (M. T. N. Tran); Health Informatics Department, Nursing andMidwifery Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam (M. T. N. Tran); Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India (Tripathy); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia (Tusa); Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan (I. Ullah); Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan (I. Ullah); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois (Umapathi); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (Unnikrishnan); Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India (Upadhyay); Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Vaezi); Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Vaezi); Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran (Valadan Tahbaz, Yahyazadeh Jabbari); Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Valadan Tahbaz); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (Veroux); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Violante); Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy (Violante); Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia (Vlassov); Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Vo); Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (Volovici); Center for Experimental Microsurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Volovici); Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (Wamai); School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (Wamai); College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Ward); Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial PrecisionMedicine Research, Stomatological Hospital (College) of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Wen); Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany (Westerman); Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Winkler); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Winkler); Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Yadav); Research and Development Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Yadav); Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, British Columbia, Canada (Yang); Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Yang); School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Yaya); George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England (Yaya); Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yazie); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yeshaw); Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan (Yonemoto); Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (Yonemoto); Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi (Younis); School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (Younis); Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (Yousefi); Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (Yuce); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia (Yunusa); Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Zadnik); Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran (Zare); Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia (Zastrozhin); Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia (Zastrozhin); Pediatrics Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia (Zastrozhina); Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Zhang); Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Zhang); BoneMarrow Transplantation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhou); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (Zhu); Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Brasília University, Brasilia, Brazil (Zimmermann); Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle (Fitzmaurice); Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle (Force). Author Contributions:Drs Kocarnik and Force had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. DrsMurray and Force are co–senior authors. Concept and design: Kocarnik, Compton, Ababneh, Abbastabar, Abedi, Abidi, Adedeji, Almasi-Hashiani, Ansari-Moghaddam, Anvari, Anyasodor, Arab-Zozani, Azari Jafari, Azzam, Bärnighausen, Behzadifar, Bhaskar, Bisignano, Bleyer, Cembranel, Darwesh, M. L. Dhimal, Dianatinasab, Do, Faisaluddin, Fares, Gadanya, Gallus, Getachew Obsa, Ghashghaee, Golechha, Gutiérrez, Hafezi-Nejad, Hameed, S. Hay, Hezam, Househ, Isola, Jain, Javaheri, Jayaram, Kalhor, Kasa, M. A. Khan, Y. Kim, A. Kisa, S. Kisa, Kissimova-Skarbek, S. Lee, Leigh, Liu, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mansournia, Masoumi, Menezes, Mestrovic, M. Mohammadi, Mohammed, Moka, Mokdad, Naqvi, Narasimha Swamy, C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, Niazi, Olagunju, Padubidri, Panagiotakos, Eun-Kee Park, Pashazadeh Kan, Podder, M. Rabiee, N. Rabiee, Rahmani, Ram, S. Rao, Rawassizadeh, Saeed, Samy, Sanabria, Sardiwalla, Sarveazad, Seylani, Shivakumar, Taherkhani, Touvier, B. Tran, Umapathi, Valadan Tahbaz, Volovici, Vu, Westerman, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Yonemoto, Zare, Zastrozhin, Force. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Kocarnik, Dean, Fu, Gaw,Harvey, Henrikson, Lu, Pennini, Xu, Abbasi-Kangevari, Abd-Elsalam, Abdoli, Abedi, Abidi, Abolhassani, Adedeji, Adnani, Advani, Afzal, Aghaali, Ahinkorah, S. Ahmad, T. Ahmad, A. Ahmadi, S. Ahmadi, AhmedRashid, Ahmed Salih, Akalu, Aklilu, Akram, Akunna, Al Hamad, Alahdab, Al-Aly, Ali, Alimohamadi, Alipour, Aljunid, Alkhayyat, Almasi-Hashiani, Almasri, Al-Maweri, Almustanyir, Alonso, Alvis-Guzman, Amu, Anbesu, Ancuceanu, Ansari, Ansari-Moghaddam, Antwi, Anvari, Aqeel, Arabloo, Aremu, Ariffin, Aripov, Arshad, Artaman, Arulappan, Asemi, Asghari Jafarabadi, Ashraf, Atorkey, Aujayeb, Ausloos, Awedew, Ayala Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 439 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Quintanilla, Ayenew, Azab, Azadnajafabad, Azari Jafari, Azarian, Azzam, Badiye, Bahadory, Baig, Baker, Balakrishnan, Banach, Barone-Adesi, Barra, Barrow, Belgaumi, Bezabhe, Bezabih, Bhagat, Bhagavathula, N. Bhardwaj, P. Bhardwaj, Bhaskar, Bhattacharyya, Bhojaraja, Bibi, Bijani, Biondi, Bjørge, Bleyer, Blyuss, Bolarinwa, Bolla, Braithwaite, Brar, Brenner, Bustamante-Teixeira, N. Butt, Z. Butt, Caetano dos Santos, Cao, Carreras, Catalá-López, Cembranel, Cerin, Cernigliaro, Chakinala, S. Chattu, V. Chattu, Chaturvedi, Chimed-Ochir, Cho, Christopher, Chu, Chung, Conde, Cortés, Cortesi, Costa, Cunha, Dadras, Belachew,Dahlwai, Dai, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, das Neves, De laHoz, Bizuneh, Denova-Gutiérrez, Dhamnetiya,M. L. Dhimal,M. Dhimal, Dianatinasab, Diaz, Djalalinia, Do, Doaei, Dorostkar, dos Santos Figueiredo, Driscoll, Ebrahimi, Eftekharzadeh, El Tantawi, El-Abid, Elbarazi, Elhabashy, Elhadi, El-Jaafary, Eshrati, Eskandarieh, Esmaeilzadeh, Etemadi, Ezzikouri, Faisaluddin, Faraon, Fares, Farzadfar, Feroze, Ferrero, FerroDesideri, Filip, Fischer, Fisher, Foroutan, Fukumoto, Gaal, Gad, Gadanya, Gaspar Fonseca, Ghafourifard, Ghith, Gholamalizadeh, Gilani, Ginindza, Gizaw, Glasbey, Golechha, Goleij, Gomez, Gopalani, Gorini, Goudarzi, Grosso, Gubari, Ribeiro Guerra, Guha, Gunasekera, B. Gupta, V. Gupta, V. K. Gupta, Hafezi-Nejad, Haider, Haj-Mirzaian, Halwani, Hamadeh, Hamidi, Hanif, Haque, Harlianto, Haro, Hasaballah, Hassanipour, R. Hay, Hayat, G. Heidari,M. Heidari, Herrera-Serna, Herteliu, Hezam,Holla,M. Hossain,M. B. Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini,MostafaHosseini, Hosseinzadeh,M.Hostiuc, S. Hostiuc, Househ, Hsairi, Huang, Hugo, Hussain, Hussein, Hwang, Iavicoli, Ibitoye, Ida, Ikuta, Ilesanmi, I. Ilic,M. Ilic, Irham, J. Islam, R. Islam, S. Islam, Ismail, Iwagami, Jacob, Jain, Jakovljevic, Jazayeri, Jha, Jonas, Joo, Joseph, Joukar, Jürisson, Kabir, Kahrizi, Kalankesh, Kaliyadan, Kalkonde, Kamath, KameranAl-Salihi, Kandel, Kapoor, Karch, Katikireddi, Kauppila, Kavetskyy, Kebede, Keshavarz, Keykhaei, Khader, Khalilov, G. Khan,Maseer Khan,MdNuruzzamanKhan, Khang, Khater, Khayamzadeh, G. Kim, A. Kisa, S. Kisa, Kissimova-Skarbek, Kopec, Koteeswaran, Koul, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Koyanagi, Kucuk Bicer, Kugbey, G. Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Kurmi, Kutluk, La Vecchia, Lami, Landires, Lauriola, S. Lee, S.W. Lee,W. Lee, Y. Lee, Leigh, Leong, J. Li,M. Li, Loureiro, Lunevicius,MagdyAbdEl Razek,Majeed, Makki,Male,Malik,Mansournia,Martini,Mathur, McKee,Mehrotra,Mendoza,Mengesha,Mesregah, Miao Jonasson, B.Miazgowski, T.Miazgowski, Michalek,Miller, HamedMirzaei, Hamid RezaMirzaei, Misra,Mithra,Moghadaszadeh, K.Mohammad, Y. Mohammad, S.Mohammadi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani,Mohammed,Moka, Molokhia,Monasta,Moni,Moosavi,Moradi,Moraga, Morgado-da-Costa,Morrison,Mosapour,Mubarik, Mwanri, Nagarajan, Nagaraju, Nagata, Naimzada, Nangia, Ndejjo, Nduaguba, Negoi, Negru, Neupane Kandel, C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, Niazi, Nnaji, Noor, Nuñez-Samudio, Nzoputam,Oancea, Ochir, Odukoya, Ogbo, Olagunju, Olakunde, Omar, Omar Bali, Omonisi, Ong, Onwujekwe,Orru, Ortega-Altamirano, N. Otstavnov, S. Otstavnov, Owolabi, P A, Padubidri, Pakshir, Pana, Panda-Jonas, Pardhan, Eun-Cheol Park, PashazadehKan, H. Patel, J. Patel, Pati, Pattanshetty, Paudel, D. Pereira, R. Pereira, Perianayagam, Pillay, Pirouzpanah, Pishgar, Postma, Pourjafar, Prashant, Preotescu,M. Rabiee, N. Rabiee, Radfar, R. Radhakrishnan, V. Radhakrishnan, Rafiee, Rahim, Rahimzadeh,Mosiur Rahman,MuhammadAziz Rahman, Rahmani, Rajai, Rajesh, Rakovac, Ram, Ramezanzadeh, Ranabhat, Ranasinghe, C. Rao, S. Rao, Rawassizadeh, Razeghinia, Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, NimaRezaei, Rezapour, Roberts, Rodriguez, Rohloff, Romoli, Ronfani, Roshandel, Rwegerera, S, Sabour, Saddik, Saeed, Sahebkar, Sahoo, Salehi, Salem, Salimzadeh, Samaei, Samy, Sankararaman, SantricMilicevic, Sathian, Sawhney, Saylan, Schneider, Sekerija, Seylani, Shafaat, Shaghaghi, Shaikh, Shamsoddin, Shannawaz, Sharma, Sheikh, Sheikhbahaei, A. Shetty, J. Shetty, P. Shetty, Shibuya, Shirkoohi, Shivakumar, Shivarov, Siabani, Siddappa Malleshappa, Silva, Singh, Sintayehu, Skryabin, Skryabina, Soeberg, Sofi-Mahmudi, Sotoudeh, Steiropoulos, Straif, Subedi, Sufiyan, Sultan, Sultana, Sur, Szerencsés, Szócska, Tabares-Seisdedos, Tabuchi, Tadbiri, Takahashi, Talaat, Tan, Tat, Tedla, Tefera, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Temsah, Tesfay, Tessema, Thapar, Thavamani, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Thomas, Tohidinik, Touvier, Tovani-Palone, Traini, B. Tran, K. Tran,M. Tran, Tripathy, Tusa, I. Ullah, S. Ullah, Umapathi, Unnikrishnan, Upadhyay, Vacante, Vaezi, Valadan Tahbaz, Velazquez, Veroux, Violante, Vlassov, Vo, Volovici, Vu,Waheed,Wamai,Ward,Wen, Westerman,Winkler, Yadav, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Yang, Yaya, Yazie, Yeshaw, Yonemoto, Younis, Yousefi, Yu, Yuce, Yunusa, Zadnik, Zastrozhin, Zastrozhina, Zhang, Zhong, Zhou, Zhu, Ziapour, Zimmermann, Fitzmaurice,Murray, Force. Drafting of the manuscript: Kocarnik, Compton, Lu, Pennini, Xu, Abedi, Adedeji, S. Ahmadi, Ahmed Rashid, Almasi-Hashiani, Ansari, Anvari, Aripov, Aujayeb, Azab, Azzam, Bleyer, Cembranel, Chakinala, V. Chattu, Cortés, Denova-Gutiérrez, M. Dhimal, Dianatinasab, Do, Elhadi, Faisaluddin, Fares, Gad, Gadanya, Ghashghaee, Glasbey, Hafezi-Nejad, S. Hay, G. Heidari, Househ, Huang, Hussein, J. Islam, Isola, Jain, Kasa, Kavetskyy, Keshavarz, Khalilov, Khater, A. Kisa, S. Kisa, Magdy Abd El Razek, Malik, Mansournia, Masoumi, Moghadaszadeh, K. Mohammad, Mohammed, Moka, Mokdad, H. Nguyen, N. Otstavnov, Pashazadeh Kan, Pati, Pourjafar, Preotescu, M. Rabiee, Rahim, Rahmani, Rajai, Ram, S. Rao, Rodriguez, Samy, Sanabria, Seylani, Shamsoddin, Sharma, Taherkhani, Vaezi, Valadan Tahbaz, Vo, Vu, Westerman, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Zastrozhin, Zastrozhina, Force. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Kocarnik, Dean, Fu, Gaw, Harvey, Henrikson, Ababneh, Abbasi-Kangevari, Abbastabar, Abd-Elsalam, Abdoli, Abedi, Abidi, Abolhassani, Adedeji, Adnani, Advani, Afzal, Aghaali, Ahinkorah, S. Ahmad, T. Ahmad, A. Ahmadi, Ahmed Salih, Akalu, Aklilu, Akram, Akunna, Al Hamad, Alahdab, Al-Aly, Ali, Alimohamadi, Alipour, Aljunid, Alkhayyat, Almasi-Hashiani, Almasri, Al-Maweri, Almustanyir, Alonso, Alvis-Guzman, Amu, Anbesu, Ancuceanu, Ansari-Moghaddam, Antwi, Anvari, Anyasodor, Aqeel, Arabloo, Arab-Zozani, Aremu, Ariffin, Aripov, Arshad, Artaman, Arulappan, Asemi, Asghari Jafarabadi, Ashraf, Atorkey, Aujayeb, Ausloos, Awedew, Ayala Quintanilla, Ayenew, Azadnajafabad, Azari Jafari, Azarian, Azzam, Badiye, Bahadory, Baig, Baker, Balakrishnan, Banach, Bärnighausen, Barone-Adesi, Barra, Barrow, Behzadifar, Belachew, Belgaumi, Bezabhe, Bezabih, Bhagat, Bhagavathula, N. Bhardwaj, P. Bhardwaj, Bhaskar, Bhattacharyya, Bhojaraja, Bibi, Bijani, Biondi, Bisignano, Bjørge, Bleyer, Blyuss, Bolarinwa, Bolla, Braithwaite, Brar, Brenner, Bustamante-Teixeira, N. Butt, Z. Butt, Caetano dos Santos, Cao, Carreras, Catalá-López, Cembranel, Cerin, Cernigliaro, Chakinala, S. Chattu, V. Chattu, Chaturvedi, Chimed-Ochir, Cho, Christopher, Chu, Chung, Conde, Cortesi, Costa, Cunha, Dadras, Belachew, Dahlwai, Dai, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, Darwesh, das Neves, De la Hoz, Bizuneh, Denova-Gutiérrez, Dhamnetiya, M. L. Dhimal, M. Dhimal, Dianatinasab, Diaz, Djalalinia, Do, Doaei, Dorostkar, dos Santos Figueiredo, Driscoll, Ebrahimi, Eftekharzadeh, El Tantawi, El-Abid, Elbarazi, Elhabashy, Elhadi, El-Jaafary, Eshrati, Eskandarieh, Esmaeilzadeh, Etemadi, Ezzikouri, Faisaluddin, Faraon, Fares, Farzadfar, Feroze, Ferrero, Ferro Desideri, Filip, Fischer, Fisher, Foroutan, Fukumoto, Gaal, Gadanya, Gallus, Gaspar Fonseca, GetachewObsa, Ghafourifard, Ghith, Gholamalizadeh, Gilani, Ginindza, Gizaw, Glasbey, Golechha, Goleij, Gomez, Gopalani, Gorini, Goudarzi, Grosso, Gubari, Ribeiro Guerra, Guha, Gunasekera, B. Gupta, V. Gupta, V. K. Gupta, Gutiérrez, Hafezi-Nejad, Haider, Haj-Mirzaian, Halwani, Hamadeh, Hameed, Hamidi, Hanif, Haque, Harlianto, Haro, Hasaballah, Hassanipour, R. Hay, S. Hay, Hayat, G. Heidari, M. Heidari, Herrera-Serna, Herteliu, Hezam, Holla, M. Hossain, M. B. Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mostafa Hosseini, Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, S. Hostiuc, Hsairi, Hugo, Hussain, Hussein, Hwang, Iavicoli, Ibitoye, Ida, Ikuta, Ilesanmi, I. Ilic, M. Ilic, Irham, J. Islam, R. Islam, S. Islam, Ismail, Isola, Iwagami, Jacob, Jain, Jakovljevic, Javaheri, Jayaram, Jazayeri, Jha, Jonas, Joo, Joseph, Joukar, Jürisson, Kabir, Kahrizi, Kalankesh, Kalhor, Kaliyadan, Kalkonde, Kamath, Kameran Al-Salihi, Kandel, Kapoor, Karch, Kasa, Katikireddi, Kauppila, Kavetskyy, Kebede, Keshavarz, Keykhaei, Khader, Khalilov, G. Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, M. A. Khan, Khang, Khater, Khayamzadeh, G. Kim, Y. Kim, A. Kisa, S. Kisa, Kissimova-Skarbek, Kopec, Koteeswaran, Koul, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Koyanagi, Kucuk Bicer, Kugbey, G. Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Kurmi, Kutluk, La Vecchia, Lami, Landires, Lauriola, S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. Lee, Y. Lee, Leigh, Leong, J. Li, M. Li, Liu, Loureiro, Lunevicius, Magdy Abd El Razek, Majeed, Makki, Male, Malik, Martini, Mathur, McKee, Mehrotra, Mendoza, Menezes, Mengesha, Mesregah, Mestrovic, Miao Jonasson, B. Miazgowski, T. Miazgowski, Michalek, Miller, HamedMirzaei, Hamid RezaMirzaei, Misra, Mithra, Y. Mohammad, M. Mohammadi, S. Mohammadi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Mohammed, Moka, Mokdad, Molokhia, Monasta, Moni, Moosavi, Moradi, Moraga, Morgado-da-Costa, Morrison, Mosapour, Mubarik, Mwanri, Nagarajan, Nagaraju, Nagata, Naimzada, Nangia, Naqvi, Narasimha Swamy, Ndejjo, Nduaguba, Negoi, Negru, Neupane Kandel, C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, Niazi, Nnaji, Noor, Nuñez-Samudio, Nzoputam, Oancea, Ochir, Odukoya, Ogbo, Olagunju, Olakunde, Omar, Omar Bali, Omonisi, Ong, Onwujekwe, Orru, Ortega-Altamirano, N. Otstavnov, S. Otstavnov, Owolabi, P A, Padubidri, Pakshir, Pana, Panagiotakos, Panda-Jonas, Pardhan, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, H. Patel, J. Patel, Pattanshetty, Paudel, D. Pereira, R. Pereira, Perianayagam, Pillay, Pirouzpanah, Pishgar, Podder, Postma, Prashant, M. Rabiee, N. Rabiee, Radfar, R. Radhakrishnan, V. Radhakrishnan, Rafiee, Rahim, Rahimzadeh, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Rahmani, Rajai, Rajesh, Rakovac, Ram, Ramezanzadeh, Ranabhat, Ranasinghe, C. Rao, S. Rao, Rawassizadeh, Razeghinia, Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Research Original Investigation Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 440 JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 (Reprinted) jamaoncology.com Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 Rezapour, Roberts, Rodriguez, Rohloff, Romoli, Ronfani, Roshandel, Rwegerera, S, Sabour, Saddik, Saeed, Sahebkar, Sahoo, Salehi, Salem, Salimzadeh, Samaei, Samy, Sanabria, Sankararaman, Santric Milicevic, Sardiwalla, Sarveazad, Sathian, Sawhney, Saylan, Schneider, Sekerija, Seylani, Shafaat, Shaghaghi, Shaikh, Shamsoddin, Shannawaz, Sharma, Sheikh, Sheikhbahaei, A. Shetty, J. Shetty, P. Shetty, Shibuya, Shirkoohi, Shivakumar, Shivarov, Siabani, SiddappaMalleshappa, Silva, Singh, Sintayehu, Skryabin, Skryabina, Soeberg, Sofi-Mahmudi, Sotoudeh, Steiropoulos, Straif, Subedi, Sufiyan, Sultan, Sultana, Sur, Szerencsés, Szócska, Tabares-Seisdedos, Tabuchi, Tadbiri, Takahashi, Talaat, Tan, Tat, Tedla, Tefera, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Temsah, Tesfay, Tessema, Thapar, Thavamani, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Thomas, Tohidinik, Touvier, Tovani-Palone, Traini, B. Tran, K. Tran, M. Tran, Tripathy, Tusa, I. Ullah, S. Ullah, Umapathi, Unnikrishnan, Upadhyay, Vacante, Valadan Tahbaz, Velazquez, Veroux, Violante, Vlassov, Vo, Volovici, Vu, Waheed, Wamai, Ward, Wen, Westerman, Winkler, Yadav, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Yang, Yaya, Yazie, Yeshaw, Yonemoto, Younis, Yousefi, Yu, Yuce, Yunusa, Zadnik, Zare, Zastrozhin, Zastrozhina, Z. Butt, Zhang, Zhong, Zhou, Zhu, Ziapour, Zimmermann, Fitzmaurice, Murray, Force. Statistical analysis: Kocarnik, Dean, Fu, Harvey, Henrikson, Lu, Pennini, Xu, Advani, Ahmed Rashid, Ahmed Salih, Aklilu, Akram, Al Hamad, Ali, Aljunid, Almasi-Hashiani, Almustanyir, Ansari-Moghaddam, Anvari, Aremu, Asghari Jafarabadi, Ashraf, Ausloos, Azzam, Bärnighausen, Bezabhe, Bezabih, Bleyer, Blyuss, Bolarinwa, Braithwaite, Brar, N. Butt, Cernigliaro, Chakinala, S. Chattu, V. Chattu, Dai, Darwesh, Bizuneh, Dianatinasab, Diaz, Do, Ebrahimi, Etemadi, Gad, Gadanya, Gilani, Glasbey, Gopalani, Goudarzi, B. Gupta, Haj-Mirzaian, Halwani, Herteliu, Hezam, M. B. Hossain, Househ, Hussain, Ikuta, Ismail, Javaheri, Joseph, Kalhor, Kameran Al-Salihi, Kandel, Karch, Keshavarz, Koyanagi, Kugbey, S. Lee, Leong, Liu, Magdy Abd El Razek, Makki, Mansournia, M. Mohammadi, Mohammed, Mokdad, Moradi, Mubarik, Naimzada, Negoi, Neupane Kandel, C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, Niazi, Olagunju, Omar, Pashazadeh Kan, Paudel, D. Pereira, Postma, Preotescu, Rahmani, Rajai, Ramezanzadeh, S. Rao, Rawassizadeh, Salehi, Samaei, Samy, Sathian, Sur, Tadbiri, M. Tran, Valadan Tahbaz, Velazquez, Vlassov, Vo, Volovici, Vu, Yeshaw, Younis, Yu, Zare, Zastrozhin, Ziapour, Fitzmaurice, Murray, Force. Obtained funding:Mokdad, Pashazadeh Kan, Samy, Force. Administrative, technical, or material support: Kocarnik, Compton, Gaw, Pennini, Abolhassani, Adedeji, Adnani, Aghaali, A. Ahmadi, Akunna, Alipour, Aljunid, Almasi-Hashiani, Amu, Arabloo, Arab-Zozani, Aujayeb, Ayala Quintanilla, Azab, Baig, Barrow, Behzadifar, Bhagat, Bibi, Caetano dos Santos, Catalá-López, V. Chattu, Chaturvedi, Chu, Dadras, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, M. Dhimal, Dianatinasab, Djalalinia, Doaei, Eshrati, Eskandarieh, Ezzikouri, Faisaluddin, Farzadfar, Foroutan, Fukumoto, Gadanya, Ghafourifard, Ghashghaee, Golechha, Hamidi, Hanif, Hasaballah, R. Hay, S. Hay, Hayat, M. Hossain, Hosseinzadeh, Hugo, Hussein, Ibitoye, R. Islam, Jayaram, Jonas, Kahrizi, Kalankesh, Kasa, Kavetskyy, Khader, Khalilov, M. A. Khan, A. Kisa, S. Kisa, G. Kumar, S. W. Lee, Leigh, M. Li, Magdy Abd El Razek, Male, Mansournia, Mehrotra, Menezes, Mengesha, Michalek, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Mohammed, Moka, Mokdad, Narasimha Swamy, Nnaji, Nzoputam, Ogbo, Olagunju, Omonisi, Ong, P A, Panda-Jonas, Pardhan, J. Patel, D. Pereira, Perianayagam, Pirouzpanah, Preotescu, M. Rabiee, N. Rabiee, Rahim, Rajesh, Nima Rezaei, Rezapour, Sabour, Saddik, Saeed, Sahoo, Salem, Samy, Sanabria, Sawhney, Shafaat, Shaghaghi, Shannawaz, Shibuya, Shivakumar, Silva, Soeberg, Tabares-Seisdedos, Tabuchi, Tan, Tat, Tedla, Tessema, Thavamani, B. Tran, I. Ullah, S. Ullah, Unnikrishnan, Valadan Tahbaz, Vlassov, Waheed, Yaya, Yunusa, Zhou, Murray, Force. Supervision: Kocarnik, Compton, Abbastabar, Abd-Elsalam, Abedi, Adnani, Akalu, Amu, Azab, Azzam, Banach, Bärnighausen, Barra, Bleyer, Caetano dos Santos, Cernigliaro, Djalalinia, dos Santos Figueiredo, Ferrero, Ferro Desideri, Fukumoto, Gaal, Gallus, Ghashghaee, S. Hay, M. Hostiuc, Irham, Isola, Jakovljevic, Joo, Kavetskyy, Keshavarz, Keykhaei, Khalilov, Maseer Khan, Y. Kim, Kutluk, W. Lee, Y. Lee, Magdy Abd El Razek, Majeed, Malik, Mansournia, T. Miazgowski, Michalek, S. Mohammadi, Mokdad, Omonisi, Panagiotakos, M. Rabiee, N. Rabiee, Nima Rezaei, Rodriguez, Saeed, Sahoo, Samy, Sardiwalla, Schneider, P. Shetty, Silva, Skryabin, Skryabina, Sur, Szerencsés, Szócska, Tan, Tripathy, I. Ullah, Valadan Tahbaz, Veroux, Westerman, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Yang, Zastrozhin, Zastrozhina, Murray, Force. Conflict of Interest Disclosures:Dr Kocarnik reported grants from theBill andMelindaGates Foundation andAmerican Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities aswell as nonfinancial support from the Institute for HealthMetrics and Evaluation during the conduct of the study. Drs Lu, Xu, Bisignano, Compton, Dean, Fu,Mohammed, and Henrikson reported grants from theBill andMelinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Ancuceanu reported personal fees and nonfinancial support fromAbbVie; personal fees fromSandoz andB. Braun; and consulting/speaking fees fromUCB, Sandoz, AbbVie, Zentiva, Teva, Laropharm, CEGEDIM, Angelini, B. Braun, Biessen Pharma, Hofigal, AstraZeneca, and Stada. Dr Atorkey received research support fromHunterMedical Research Research Institute. Dr Bhaskar reported grants from theNSWMinistry of HealthNSWBrain Clot Bank outside the submittedwork and serving on the board of directors for the Rotary Club of Sydney and International Rotary Fellowship of Healthcare Professionals. Dr Conde reported being a cofounder of and shareholder in TargTex S.A. Dr Dai reported grants from theBill &MelindaGates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies. Dr Filip reported financial support fromAvicennaMedical and Clinical Research Institute. Dr Ghith reported grants fromNovoNordisk Foundation outside the submittedwork. DrHaro reported research support fromEli Lilly and Co. Dr J. Islam reported grants from theAmerican Society of Clinical Oncology outside the submittedwork. Dr S. Islam reported grants fromNHMRCEmerging Leadership Fellowship and theNational Heart Foundation of Australia Fellowship andVanguard Grant outside the submittedwork. Dr Ismail reported being a councilmember of theMalaysian Academyof Pharmacy. Dr Katikireddi reported grants from the Medical Research Council and the Scottish government Chief Scientist Office during the conduct of the study aswell as being amember of the steering group forObesity Action Scotland. Dr Kauppila reported grants from the Finnish Cancer Foundation, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, and Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation outside the submittedwork. Dr Loureiro reported grants fromFCT Scientific and Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme through the EuropeanRegional Development Fund outside the submittedwork. DrMoni reported grants from theUniversity of Queensland during the conduct of the study. Dr Radfar reported financial support fromAvicennaMedical and the Clinical Research Institute. Dr Rakovac reported grants from theWorldHealthOrganization during the conduct of the study. Dr Saylan reported being an employee of Bayer. Dr Sekerija reported personal fees fromRoche and Johnson& Johnson outside the submittedwork. Dr Sheikh reported grants fromHealthData Research UKoutside the submittedwork. Dr Singh reported consulting fees fromCrealta/Horizon, Navigant, Spherix,MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBMLLC, Trio Health,Medscape,WebMD, Practice Point, National Institutes of Health, American College of Rheumatology,Medisys, Fidia, PKMed, Adept Field Solutions, Two Labs Inc, Clinical CareOptions, ClearviewHealthcare Partners, PutnamAssociates, and Focus Forward; stock options in TPTGlobal Tech, Vaxart, Atyu, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte’sWeb Holdings, Inc; nonfinancial support fromOutcomes Measures in Rheumatology; service on theUS Food andDrugAdministration arthritis advisory committee, American College of Rheumatology's annualmeeting planning committee and quality of care committees and as chair of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee and American College of Rheumatology Meet-the-Professor,Workshop and StudyGroup subcommittee andCriteria andResponse Criteria subcommittee (cochair); and being the editor and director of theUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham CochraneMusculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on NetworkMeta-analysis. Dr Zhu reported grants from theUTHealth Innovation for Cancer Prevention Research Training ProgramPredoctoral Fellowship. Dr Force reported grants from theBill andMelinda Gates Foundation and St. Baldrick’s Foundation, financial support from theNational Institutes of Health LoanRepayment Award, and research support from theAmerican Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Dr Aujayeb reports grants, honoraria, and personal fees fromRocketMedical PLC outside the submittedwork. Dr Ausloos reports grants from the RomanianNational Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation outside the submittedwork. Dr Bärnighausen reports grants from the European Union, GermanResearch Foundation, National Institutes of Health, GermanMinistry of Education andResearch, Alexander vonHumboldt Foundation, Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation,WellcomeTrust, Bill andMelindaGates Foundation, KfW,UNAIDS, and WorldHealthOrganization; consulting fees fromKfW; board participation in theNational Institutes of Health’s HealthyOptions study, GermanNational Committee, EDCTPEvaluation, Global HealthHub Germany, andUniversity of Pennsylvania Population Aging Research Center; and service as amember of theUNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section on Population and Public Health Approaches toHIV/ AIDS, and theUSNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, andMedicine Committee for the Evaluation of HumanResources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDSRelief outside the submittedwork. Dr Bhagat reports personal fees fromElsevier and Springer outside the submittedwork. Dr Bleyer Global Burden of Cancer, 2010 to 2019 Original Investigation Research jamaoncology.com (Reprinted) JAMAOncology March 2022 Volume 8, Number 3 441 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ by a Instituto de Salud Carlos III User on 05/03/2023 reports royalties or licenses fromSpringer Publishing, Germany; consulting fees fromSlack Publishing, and expert testimonywith BradleyDrendel & Jeanney outside the submittedwork. Dr Braithwaite reports research support from theNational Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. Dr Catalá-López reports board servicewith the International Agency for Research onCancer outside the submittedwork. Dr Chaturvedi reports grants from theNational Institutes of Health and government of India outside the submittedwork. Dr Cortés reports research support from theAdvanced Center for Chronic Diseases andCentro deDesarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Chile. Dr Driscoll reports expert testimony in 2019 and boardmembershipwith the Expert Advisory Group of the AustralianMesothelioma Registry outside the submittedwork. Dr El-Jaafary reports service on the steering committee of the MovementDisorder Society YoungMembers group. Dr Grosso reports research support from the University of CataniaOsservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale andUniversity of Catania and grants from the ItalianMinistry of Health outside the submitted work. Dr Guha reports grants from the theAmerican Heart Association. Dr Gunasekera reports service as an assistant secretary for Sri Lanka College of Oncology outside the submittedwork. Dr Gupta reports grants from theNational Health andMedical Research Council, Australia outside the submitted work. DrHaider reports research support fromOhio University and board service for the American Public Health Association outside the submittedwork. DrHerteliu reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation andMinistry of Labour and Social Justice, Romania outside the submittedwork. DrHugo reports research support fromCAPESHigher Education Improvement Coordination Brazil. Dr Kahrizi reports research support, grants, royalties/ licenses, consulting fees, honoraria, expert testimony, patents (planned, issued, or pending), board service, and stock and stock options fromRazi University outside the submittedwork. Dr G. Khan reports membershipwith theUAEMinistry of Health National Immunization Task Advisory Group. Dr Koul reports research support fromSheri Kashmir Institute ofMedical Sciences. Dr La Vecchia reports grants or contracts fromAssociazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro outside the submittedwork. DrMiller reports grants fromAB InBev Foundation outside the submittedwork. DrOdukoya reports grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr Pana reports grants from the RomanianNational Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation outside the submitted word. Dr Panagiotakos reports research support from theHellenic Cardiology Society andHellenic Atherosclerosis Society. Dr Sanabria reports research support from theBill andMelindaGates Foundation, patentswith their institution and board service for theDepartment and Surgical Services Lines outside the submittedwork. Dr Silva reports research support fromCoordenação deAperfeiçoamento de Pessoal deNível Superior–Brasil and CNPq. Dr Straif reports board servicewith the Collegium Ramazzini and ISEE Europe Chapter as an elected member and nonfinancial support from the International Agency for Research onCancer outside the submittedwork. Dr Volovici reports personal fees from JAMANetworkOpen. Dr Yazie reports research support from theBill andMelindaGates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, and St. Baldrick’s Foundation. Dr Younis reports research support from Jackson StateUniversity. No other disclosureswere reported. Funding/Support: The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Dr Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management of Kuwait University and the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Dr Bhaskar acknowledges institutional support from the NSWMinistry of Health and NSW Health Pathology. Dr Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Dr Braithwaite acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health/ National Cancer Institute. Dr Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council ERC Starting Grant agreement No 848325. Dr Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/ BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, IP under the Norma Transitória grant DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Dr Ghith acknowledges support from a grant fromNovo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). Dr Glasbey is supported by a National Institute of Health Research Doctoral Research Fellowship. Dr Vivek Kumar Gupta acknowledges funding support fromNational Health andMedical Research Council Australia. Dr Haque thanks Jazan University, Saudi Arabia for providing access to the Saudi Digital Library for this research study. Drs Herteliu, Pana, and Ausloos are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Dr Hugo received support from the Higher Education Improvement Coordination of the Brazilian Ministry of Education for a sabbatical period at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, between September 2019 and August 2020. Dr Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges funding by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Fellowship and National Health andMedical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship. Dr Jakovljevic acknowledges support through grant OI 175014 of theMinistry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Dr Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). Dr Md Nuruzzaman Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Dr Yun Jin Kimwas supported by the ResearchManagement Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). Dr Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional support fromManipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Dr Loureiro was supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under the Scientific Employment Stimulus–Institutional Call (CEECINST/ 00049/2018). Dr Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Dr Moosavi appreciates NIGEB's support. Dr Pati acknowledges support from the SIAN Institute, Association for Biodiversity Conservation & Research. Dr Rakovac acknowledges a grant from the government of the Russian Federation in the context of World Health Organization Noncommunicable Diseases Office. Dr Samywas supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Dr Sheikh acknowledges support fromHealth Data Research UK. Drs Adithi Shetty and Unnikrishnan acknowledge support given by Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Pavanchand H. Shetty acknowledges Manipal Academy of Higher Education for their research support. Dr Diego Augusto Santos Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq (302028/2018-8). Dr Zhu acknowledges the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas grant RP210042. Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of themanuscript; and decision to submit themanuscript for publication. Disclaimer: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas. Additional Contributions:We thank themany cancer registries around the world that worked to generate data on cancer burden. Additional Information: Information about individual author contributions to the research is detailed in the eAppendix in the Supplement. REFERENCES 1. Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A, et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories. 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