e-cienciaDatos: "readme" form ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of dataset Excess deaths, life expectancy and premature mortality in Spanish regions, 2020-2021 2. Contact Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Fernando J. García López Institution: National Epidemiology Centre, Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Email: fjgarcial@isciii.es, fjgarcia@senefro.org ORCID: 0000-0002-4802-2650 3. Description of the project Unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess deaths, life expectancy, and premature mortality across Spanish regions in 2020 and 2021 4. Description of the dataset 1. Population resident in Spain from 2010 to 2021 by year, region, sex, and age group (Pop_2010-2021.csv). 2. Monthly deaths in residents in Spain from 2010 to 2019, by year, month, region, sex, and age group (Monthlydeaths_2010-2019.csv). 3. Weekly deaths in residents in Spain since 2019, by year, week, region, sex, and age group (Weekly deaths_2019-2021.csv). 4. Variable codes for population data and weekly deaths 2019-2021 (Datasets codes_corrected.xlsx). 5. Some observations concerning datasets (Datasets observations_corrected_v2.pdf). 6. Weekly deaths from 2015 to 2018 by region, age group and sex (Weeklydeaths_2015-2018.csv). 7. Monthly deaths in residents in Spain during 2020 (Monthlydeaths_2020_Spain.csv). And 8. Variable codes for monthly deaths for 2020 (Datasets codes_Monthly_deaths_2020.xlsx). 5. Notes 6. Deposit date 7. Date 8. Language English -------------------------- AUTHOR INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Author Nazrul Islam, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Nazrul.Islam@soton.ac.uk Fernando J García López, National Epidemiology Centre, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain. Dimitri A. Jdanov, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; International Laboratory for Population and Health, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation. Miguel Ángel Royo-Bordonada. National School of Public Health. Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Kamlesh Khunti, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration–East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom. Ben Lacey, Nuffield Department of Population Health. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Martin White, MRC Epidemiology Unit. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Eva JA Morris, Nuffield Department of Population Health; Big Data Institute University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, École de santé publique. Université de Montréal. Montréal. Québec. Canada. -------------------------- METHODOLOGY -------------------------- 1. Methodology See article at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102424 Study design. A time-series analysis using all-cause mortality data for Spain between 2010 and 2021, disaggregated by Spanish regions, age, and sex. Data sources Data come from official sources: the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the National Epidemiology Centre (Appendix A, Table A.1). Statistical analysis Estimation of excess deaths We used our previously developed validated methodology for the estimation of excess deaths.5, 19 Details are explained in Appendix A. Observed weekly deaths in 2020 in each stratum (by age, sex, and region) were compared to the stratum-specific number of expected deaths. Excess death was the difference between the observed and the expected deaths. Expected deaths were estimated based on the historical trends (2015-2019) using an over-dispersed Poisson model that accounts for temporal trends, seasonal and natural variability in mortality.5, 19 To compare excess death rates across regions, age and sex, excess deaths were standardised using the 2013 European Standard Population.17 The estimated number of excess deaths was compared with the reported number of COVID-19 deaths in each region reported by the region to the National Epidemiology Centre as of 30 June 2021. Life expectancy and YLL in 2020 and 2021 We used the standard algorithm for calculating (abridged) life tables to calculate the LE at birth (e_0) and at age 65 (e_65).9 It assumes that data are available for the first year of life and for the first five years of life (Appendix A). To attribute an equal loss of lifetime produced by deaths at the same age across the regions, we calculated YLL using the WHO standard life table, as is used in the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factor (GBD) study (Appendix A). Changes in life expectancy and YLL in 2020 and 2021 Within each region, sex and age group, we estimated the change in LE at birth as the difference between the observed and ‘expected’ LE at birth (e_0) and age 65 (e_65) in 2020 and up to June 2021. We estimated the expected LE based on Lee-Carter forecasting20 using 2010-2019 data. We used a similar methodology to calculate the changes in YLL in 2020 and up to June 2021 (Appendix A). All statistical analyses were performed using R Statistical Software. Ethics. The Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Health Carlos III issued a waiver because all data in this study were fully anonymous and aggregated, without any identifiable information. 2. Software R Statistical Software -------------------------- KEYWORDS -------------------------- 1. Keywords Excess deaths, life expectancy, years of life lost, premature mortality, COVID-19, geographic inequalities, Spain -------------------------- SPONSORSHIP INFORMATION AND GRANT IDs -------------------------- 1. Grant Information We did not receive any funding for this work. -------------------------- RELATED PUBLICATIONS -------------------------- 1. Related publication https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102424 2. Related dataset The dataset described above. -------------------------- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Spatial coverage The 17 administrative regions (autonomous communities) of Spain. -------------------------- TEMPORAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Time period coverage January 2000 to June 2021 -------------------------- FILES -------------------------- 1. Files 1. Pop_2010-2021.csv. 2. Monthlydeaths_2010-2019.csv. 3. Weekly deaths_2019-2021.csv. 4. Datasets codes_corrected.xlsx. 5. Datasets observations_corrected_v2.pdf. 6. Weeklydeaths_2015-2018.csv. 7. Monthlydeaths_2020_Spain.csv. And 8. Datasets codes_Monthly_deaths_2020.xlsx. -------------------------- LICENSES AND PRIVACITY -------------------------- 1. Licenses Creative Commons BY NC SA 2. Privacity All datasets are anonymised and in public domain. -------------------------- OTHERS -------------------------- 1. Data dictionary Datasets codes_corrected.xlsx, Datasets observations_corrected_v2.pdf and Datasets codes_Monthly_deaths_2020.xlsx.