Table 1: Patients demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical status at 
recruitment, procedural characteristics and CMR parameters at 1 week and 6 months 
after STEMI 
 Total 
(N=191) 
Metoprolol 
 (N=97) 
Control 
(N=94) 
p-value 
Demographics 
Age (years) 57.9±11.2 57.4±12.2 58.4±10.2 0.539 
Sex (male) 168 (88) 83 (88) 85 (88) 0.887 
BMI (kg/m2) 27.6±3.5 27.6±3.5 27.6±3.6 0.964 
Cardiovascular risk factors 
Hypertension 72 (38) 35 (36) 37 (39) 0.680 
Diabetes mellitus 39 (20) 21 (22) 18 (19) 0.642 
Dyslipidemia 83 (44) 42 (43) 41 (44) 0.985 
Smoking* 124 (65) 64 (66) 60 (64) 0.681 
Clinical status at recruitment 
Killip class II† 19 (10) 8 (8) 11 (12) 0.425 
Systolic BP (mmHg) 142±19 142±18 143±20 0.892 
Diastolic BP (mmHg) 88±16 90±16 87±16 0.246 
Heart rate (bpm) 82±13 82±14 81±13 0.777 
Procedural characteristics 
Ischemia duration 
(min) 
194±65 198±63 190±67 0.354 
TIMI grade 0-1 flow 
before primary PCI 
158 (83) 77 (79) 81 (86) 0.272 
Successful PCI (TIMI 
grade 2-3 flow) 
188 (98) 97 (100) 91 (97) 0.117 
CMR parameters at 1 week  
LVEDV (mL) 173.1±36.2 170.8±33.4 175.4±38.9 0.378 
LVESV (mL) 98.4±31.4 93.6±26.8 103.3±35.1 0.032 
LVEF (%) 44.0±25.5 45.7±9.2 42.3±9.5 0.012 
LV mass (g) 111.8±25.5 109.9±25.2 113.8±25.8 0.287 
LGE (%) 23.0±12.9 21.1±11.7 25.0±13.8 0.036 
MVO 117 (61) 52 (54) 65 (69) 0.034 
IMH 81 (42) 36 (37) 45 (48) 0.133 
LV GCS (%) -13.2±3.9 13.9±3.8 12.5±3.9 0.011 
CMR parameters at 6 months 
LVEDV (mL) 192.3±43.2 187.4±39.0 197.4±46.8 0.112 
LVESV (mL) 105.4±41.3 98.5±36.3 112.5±45.1 0.020 
LVEF (%) 46.7±10.9 48.6±10.1 44.7±11.4 0.013 
LV mass (g) 85.8±17.8 84.8±17.6 86.9±18.0 0.426 
LGE (%) 17.0±9.8 15.8±9.7 18.2±9.8 0.099 
Adverse LV 
remodeling‡ 
52 (27) 21 (22) 31 (33) 0.079 
LV GCS (%) -16.4±4.3 16.9±4.1 15.8±4.4 0.087 
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; GCS, 
global circumferential strain; IMH, intramyocardial hemorrhage; LGE, late gadolinium 
enhancement; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left 
ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; MVO, 
microvascular obstruction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment 
elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction. 
*smoking was defined as current or quitted <10 years ago 
†all other patients were Killip class I (Killip class III to IV were study’s exclusion criteria) 
‡adverse LV remodeling was defined as ≥20% increase in LVEDV at 6 months  
 
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables 
as frequencies (percentages). Comparisons between the early metoprolol group and the 
control group were performed using independent samples t-test for continuous variables and 
Pearson’s Chi square test or Fischer’s exact test for categorical variables. Fischer’s exact 
test was used when the expected value of a categorical variable was <5.